Human biospecimens, including blood, tissues, serum, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), have all become essential to modern biomedical research, drug discovery, and translational science. Research in areas like cancer, autoimmune disease, and neurology depends on human samples to generate reliable scientific data. Researchers often discuss these biospecimens in terms of the value they […]

Lung cancer including both SCLC and NSCLC is the third most common form of cancer among adults in the United States. Moreover, lung cancers account for about 12% of new cancer diagnoses. SCLC is a more aggressive form of lung cancer compared to NSCLC, which is characterized by faster spread and smaller cancerous cells. Furthermore, diagnosis involves imaging […]

High creatinine levels can indicate, in fact, a range of underlying health conditions, including, for example, kidney infection and kidney failure. Doctors typically consider high creatinine levels to be, specifically, above 1.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) for males and 1.0 mg/dL for females. Creatinine is, in essence, a waste product of the muscles. In a […]

Anosmia is the inability to smell. In fact, some people have anosmia from birth, whereas others lose their ability to smell over time. Moreover, experts suggest that anosmia and hyposmia affect about 3–20% of the population. Hyposmia is a decreased ability to smell. Additionally, sometimes people call anosmia smell blindness. Consequently, the condition may be permanent or temporary. Furthermore, smell […]

Paralysis is the loss of voluntary muscle function in one or more parts of the body because of damage to the nervous system. The nervous system has two parts: First, the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. Second, the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which contains the nerves outside of the […]