Bay Biosciences supplies researchers with serum (sera), plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples from cancer patients who have a known history of infusion reaction (hypersensitivity) or allergic reaction to bio-therapeutics chemotherapy treatments.

Furthermore, the company provides detailed clinical annotations and drug information for research, development, and drug discovery.

Infusion Reaction Overview

In fact, infusion reactions, also known as acute infusion reactions or infusion-related reactions, are common adverse effects that can occur when a person receives medication intravenously.

Moreover, infusion reactions occur during or following an intravenous (IV) infusion, or IV therapy, which is medication administered by a doctor into a vein. Reactions can range from mild to potentially life threatening.

Many healthcare providers, therefore, administer cancer therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, by IV infusion, which can lead to infusion reactions. The immune system, in fact, causes all infusion reactions; however, some reactions (anaphylactic) are allergic in nature and immunoglobulin E (IgE) usually mediates them, whereas others (anaphylactoid) are not true allergic reactions and do not involve IgE.

Although reactions can be allergic or nonallergic, the clinical manifestations, nevertheless, remain the same and require prompt, accurate assessment and astute management to avoid severe adverse events, including fatality.

Furthermore, rituximab serves as an example of a drug that can cause varying types of infusion reactions. 

What is an Infusion Reaction?

According to the American Cancer Society, infusion reactions may occur when the body has a strong immune response to certain treatments given via IV, such as cancer treatments. Infusion reactions may occur immediately or some time after the infusion.

The severity of a reaction depends on the dose and other factors, such as the specific medication or health condition.

Research from 2018 classifies adverse reactions to treatment into several categories with letter designations:

“According to the American Cancer Society, certain treatments given via IV, such as cancer treatments, can trigger strong immune responses in the body that result in infusion reactions. Specifically, infusion reactions can happen immediately or, alternatively, sometime after the infusion.

Moreover, the dose and other factors, such as the specific medication or health condition, determine the severity of a reaction. Furthermore, research from 2018 categorizes adverse reactions to treatment into several groups with letter designations:

  • A: augmented pharmacological effects
  • B: bizarre
  • C: chronic effects
  • D: delayed effects
  • E: end of treatment effects
  • F: failure of therapy

Classifications of infusion reactions

The research classifies infusion reactions under type B because they are:

  • Not dependent on dose
  • Often not related to the effects of the medication
  • Self-clearing at the end of treatment
  • Unpredictable

However, some experts suggest that healthcare professionals may be able to predict certain reactions, such as ones associated with immunotherapy medications, based on the exact agent given.

Types of Infusion Reaction

Allergic and Non-allergic reactions

The 2018 research further divides researchers’ reactions into allergic and nonallergic subtypes. Specifically, the immune system

immune system overreacts during allergic infusion reactions. Consequently, severe reactions such as anaphyltic shock can occur.

In addition, the 2020 study describes researchers’ immune responses as innate, adaptive, or both. In particular, the immune system generates a general, rapid response for the innate response. On the other hand, the adaptive immune response involves the immune system’s more targeted reaction when it recognizes a trigger.

Furthermore, nonallergic infusion reactions can include:

  • Pseudoallergic reactions, such as cytokine release syndrome
  • Idiosyncratic reactions, which are unpredictable, unrelated to the medication, and uncommon
  • Intolerances, such as a reaction to the medication

Moreover, according to another 2018 study, researchers found that most cases of infusion reactions are nonallergic types.

For instance, a person may develop a mild reaction or a potentially life-threatening reaction that requires emergency medical treatment. Regardless, of the reaction type, an infusion reaction typically occurs within 30–120 minutes after infusion but may take anywhere from 24 hours to 1 week for symptoms to start.

Cancer Treatments and Infusion Reactions

The National Cancer Institute’s  common terminology criteria for adverse events describes infusion reactions and other adverse events based on grade (symptom severity). Specifically, grades range from 1–5. In this context, grade 1 indicates mild symptoms, while grade 5 indicates death.

Moreover, according to a 2019 systematic literature review, about 5% of people receiving monoclonal antibody drugs for colorectal cancer  experienced infusion reactions. Additionally, the review also noted that the grade of severity and type of therapy influenced the occurrence of infusion reactions.

Furthermore, chemotherapy medications may also cause severe reactions. However, a 2017 study found that clinicians considered infusion reactions due to antineoplastic agents (a type of chemotherapy medication) rare. Notably, research from 2022 suggests that fewer than 5% of people receiving immunotherapy have an infusion reaction.

Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences is, indeed a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Specifically, aamples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Moreover, Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.

Additionally, all our human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

In particular, critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Moreover, patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, and other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Specifically, Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples, including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Therefore, please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

Customized Collections

Moreover, we can also procure most human bio-specimens, furthermore; we offer special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, and PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols. Additionally you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.

 

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