Bay Biosciences provides fresh frozen clinical grade human serum (sera), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples from unique patients diagnosed with Bronchial and Pharyngeal infections.

Respiratory Infections Overview

An upper respiratory infection (URI) affects the nasal passages and throat. Specifically, it can cause symptoms, such as a cough and excess mucus.

A URI occurs when a virus or bacteria enter the body, usually through the mouth or nose. Moreover, the infection may pass to another person through touch or a sneeze or cough. In general, the treatment is usually simple unless a person also has a chronic respiratory condition, such as asthma.

On average, adults tend to get between two and three URIs per year. Conversely, children, especially young children, may have more of these infections because their immune systems are still developing. Additionally, children who spend lots of time around other kids may be more prone to these infections because children are less likely than adults to wash their hands after sneezing or wipe their noses when they need to.

Furthermore, enclosed spaces where people gather, such as classrooms, offices, and homes, can be high-risk areas for the spread of URIs.

Upper Respiratory Infections

Following are the common upper respiratory infections:

Lower Respiratory Infections

Following are the common lower respiratory infections:

Symptoms

While different types of URI can cause different symptoms, additionally, some common symptoms are:

Furthermore, other symptoms can include:

In general, on average, symptoms start 1–3 days after an individual comes into contact with a person with the infection and then last 7–10 days.

Types

Several types of URIs exist, and doctors classify them according to the part of the respiratory tract that they mainly affect. For instance,** types of URI include:

Firstly, the common cold.

In fact, many viruses cause a cold. Symptoms may include:

  • A blocked or runny nose
  • Coughing and sneezing
  • A sore throat
  • Headaches
  • A fever
  • Muscle aches

Generally, the symptoms usually go away in less than a week.

Sinusitis

Additionally, sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses, and it may stem from an infection in another part of the respiratory system.

Consequently, the inflammation can lead to increased mucus production and blocked sinuses due to difficulty draining.

Moreover, some symptoms of sinusitis include:

  • A fever
  • Bad breath
  • Pain around the eyes, cheeks, or forehead
  • Sinus pressure and tenderness
  • Nasal discharge
  • A blocked nose
  • Postnasal drip

Therefore, a person should contact a doctor if their symptoms last for longer than ten days without improvement.

Laryngitis

This is inflammation of the vocal cords, also known as the larynx.

Some common symptoms of laryngitis include, for instance:

  • Firstly, a hoarse voice or loss of voice
  • In addition, a persistent cough and irritation in the throat
  • Lastly, a sore throat

The symptoms tend to get worse in the first three days. However, it usually goes away by itself within two weeks.

Pharyngitis

On the other hand, pharyngitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the pharynx, or back of the throat. Moreover, it often occurs with URIs.

Some common symptoms of pharyngitis include, for example:

More Serious Symptoms

More serious symptoms, in contrast, indicate that an individual needs medical attention if the following occurs:

  • A high fever
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Severe respiratory distress

Furthermore, a doctor may find that ulcers are on the walls of the throat.

Treatment

 URIs may resolve without treatment, or, conversely, the symptoms may be mild and easy to treat at home.

However, on the other hand, these infections can cause more serious symptoms or complications that need professional care.

Furthermore, getting a diagnosis may be important, as the initial symptoms can resemble those of other illnesses, such as:

  • Asthma
  • Allergic reactions or seasonal allergies
  • Bronchitis
  • COVID-19
  • Influenza, better known as flu
  • Pneumonia 

If, in fact, any symptoms do not resolve with home care or if they get worse, a person should contact a doctor. This is especially important if they experience difficulty breathing.

Moreover, some over-the-counter (OTC) medicines may help adults with URI symptoms. These include:

Pain Relief Medication

  • Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
  • Ibuprofen (Advil)
  • Anesthetic sprays and lozenges

. Additionally, the following decongestants and antihistamines may also help those with URI symptoms.

Decongestants

  • Oxymetazoline (Afrin)
  • Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

Antihistamines

  • Brompheniramine (Bromfed)
  • Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

According to a 2019 study, nasal decongestants and antihistamines may, in fact, together be an effective treatment approach. Furthermore, the study authors also note that children under the age of 4 should not use cold medication.

Biospecimens

biospecimens

Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Human biospecimens are available including cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors for controls, available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples, human biofluids such as serum samples, plasma samples from various diseases and matched controls.

Also, all our human tissue collections, human biospecimens and human biofluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

In fact, this critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Additionally, researchers find the patient’s data associated with the human biospecimens extremely valuable and use it to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, as well as in other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and human biological samples, including fresh frozen human biospecimens cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as human serum, human plasma and human PBMCs.

Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) and human biofluids from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

Moreover, we can also procure most human biospecimens and human biofluids, special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples and human biofluids are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human biofluids such as  human plasma, human serum, and human PBMCs bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols; you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.

Bay Biosciences also provides human biospecimens from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, Contact us Now.