Bay Biosciences provides high-quality,, matched fresh frozen sera (serum), EDTA plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s), bio-fluids from Alzheimer’s disease patients for research.
The sera (serum) and plasma bio-fluid specimens are processed from AD patients peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Overview
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive form of dementia, which is a broader term for conditions that negatively affect memory, thinking, and behavior.
Dementia can have a range of causes, such as brain injuries or diseases. Sometimes the cause is unknown. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, Alzheimer’s disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases.
Most patients with the AD get a diagnosis after age 65. If it’s diagnosed before then, it’s generally referred to as “younger onset” or “early onset” Alzheimer’s disease.
There’s no cure for Alzheimer’s, but there are treatments that can slow the progression of the disease.
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Facts
Following are some key details about Alzheimer’s disease (AD):
- Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic (long-term), ongoing condition. It is not a typical sign of aging.
- Anyone can get Alzheimer’s disease, but certain people are at higher risk for it. This includes people over age 65 and those with a family history of the condition.
- Alzheimer’s and dementia aren’t the same thing. Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia.
- There’s no single expected outcome for people with Alzheimer’s. Some people live a long time with mild cognitive damage, while others experience a more rapid onset of symptoms and quicker disease progression.
- Its symptoms come on gradually, and the effects on the brain are degenerative, meaning they cause slow decline.
- There’s no cure for Alzheimer’s yet, but treatment can help slow the progression of the disease and may improve quality of life.
Each individuals journey with Alzheimer’s disease is different.
Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
Everyone has episodes of forgetfulness from time to time. But people with Alzheimer’s disease display certain ongoing behaviors and symptoms that worsen over time. These can include:
- Becoming disoriented about times or places
- Decreased personal hygiene
- Memory loss affecting daily activities, such as keeping appointments
- Trouble with familiar tasks, such as using a microwave
- Difficulties with problem-solving
- Trouble with speech or writing
- Decreased judgment
- Mood and personality changes
- Withdrawal from friends, family, and community
These signs don’t always mean that a person has Alzheimer’s. It’s important to see a doctor to determine the cause.
Symptoms change according to the stage of the disease. In later stages, people with Alzheimer’s often have significant trouble with talking, moving, or responding to what’s happening around them.
Diagnoses of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
The only definitive way to diagnose someone with Alzheimer’s disease is to examine their brain tissue after death. But a doctor can use other examinations and tests to assess your mental abilities, diagnose dementia, and rule out other conditions.
The doctor will likely start by taking a medical history. They may ask about your:
- Current or past medications
- Diet, alcohol intake, and other lifestyle habits
- Family medical history
- Other current or past health conditions
- Symptoms
From there, your doctor will likely request several tests to help determine if you have Alzheimer’s disease.
Tests for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
There’s no definitive test for Alzheimer’s disease. However, mental, physical, neurological, and imaging tests can help your doctor reach a diagnosis.
Mental Status Test
Your doctor may start with a mental status test. This can help them assess your:
- Short-term memory
- Long-term memory
- Orientation to place and time
Medical Investigation
For example, you doctor may ask you:
- What day it is
- To remember and recall a short list of words
- Who the president is
Physical Exam
Next, they’ll likely conduct a physical exam. For example, they may:
- Assess your heart rate
- Check your blood pressure
- Request urine or blood tests, in some cases
- Take your temperature
Neurological Exam
Your doctor may also conduct a neurological exam to rule out other possible diagnoses, such as acute medical issues like infection or stroke. During this exam, they will check your:
- Muscle tone
- Reflexes
- Speech
Brain Scans
Your doctor may also order brain imaging studies. These studies, which will create pictures of your brain, can include:
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. MRI’s can help pick up key markers, such as inflammation, bleeding, and structural issues.
- Computed tomography (CT) scan. CT Scans take X-ray images, which can help your doctor look for abnormal characteristics in your brain.
Genetic Testing
Other tests your doctor may do include blood tests to check for genes that may indicate you have a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
Alzheimer’s Medication
There’s no known cure for Alzheimer’s disease. However, your doctor can recommend medications and other treatments to help ease your symptoms and delay the progression of the disease for as long as possible.
Medication for Early Disease
For early to moderate Alzheimer’s, your doctor may prescribe medications such as donepezil (Aricept) or rivastigmine (Exelon). These drugs can help maintain high levels of acetylcholine in your brain. This can help the nerve cells in your brain send and receive signals better. In turn, this may ease some symptoms of Alzheimer’s.
A newer medication called aducanumab (Aduhelm) is recommended only for those with early Alzheimer’s. It is thought to reduce the protein plaques that build up in the brain with Alzheimer’s. However, there are some concerns about whether the drug’s potential benefits outweigh its risks.
Moderate to Late Stage Meds
To treat moderate to late stage Alzheimer’s, your doctor may prescribe donepezil (Aricept) or memantine (Namenda).
Memantine can help block the effects of excess glutamate. Glutamate is a brain chemical that’s released in higher amounts in Alzheimer’s disease and damages brain cells.
Antidepressants
Your doctor may also recommend antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, or antipsychotics to help treat symptoms related to Alzheimer’s. These symptoms vary based on the progression of the disease, and can include:
- Agitation
- Depression
- Difficulty sleeping at night
- Hallucinations
Although the care needs of a person with Alzheimer’s will increase over time, the exact symptoms will be different from person to person.
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.
Samples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.
Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.
Our biobank procures and stores fully consented, deidentified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.
All our human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.
This critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.
Patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, and other therapeutic areas and diseases.
Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples, including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.
Including fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC.
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.
Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.
Types of Biospecimens
Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:
- Peripheral whole-blood
- Amniotic fluid
- Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL)
- Sputum
- Pleural effusion
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Serum (sera)
- Plasma
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
- Saliva
- Buffy coat
- Urine
- Stool samples
- Aqueous humor
- Vitreous humor
- Kidney stones (renal calculi)
- Other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer.
We can also procure most human bio-specimens, special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.
In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, and PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols; you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.
Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.
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