Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade, fresh frozen sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid samples from patients diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
The sera (serum), plasma and PBMC biofluid specimens are processed from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) matched biofluid samples are collected from unique patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, diagnostics, discovery and drug development.
Detailed clinical data, patient’s history, symptoms, complete blood count (CBC), serology, MRI findings, histopathology information, elevated biomarker levels, genetic and metabolic information associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) specimens is provided to a valued customer for research, development and drug discovery.
The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cancer sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluids are processed from patients peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Overview
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive nervous system disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease or motor neuron disease, is a progressive, degenerative disease that destroys the nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movement. These cells, called “motor neurons,” run from the brain through the brainstem or spinal cord to muscles that control movement in the arms, legs, chest, throat and mouth. In patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), these cells die off, causing the muscle tissues to waste away. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) does not affect a person’s sensory functions or mental faculties. Other, nonmotor neurons, such as sensory neuron that bring information from sense organs to the brain, remain healthy.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a group of rare neurological diseases that mainly involve the nerve cells nerve cells (neurons) responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement. Voluntary muscles produce movements like chewing, walking, and talking. The disease is progressive, meaning the symptoms get worse over time. Currently, there is no cure for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and no effective treatment to halt, or reverse, the progression of the disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) belongs to a wider group of disorders known as motor neuron diseases, which are caused by gradual deterioration (degeneration) and death of motor neuron. Motor neurons are nerve cells that extend from the brain to the spinal cord and to muscles throughout the body. These motor neurons initiate and provide vital communication links between the brain and the voluntary muscles.
Messages from motor neurons in the brain (called upper motor neurons) are transmitted to motor neurons in the spinal cord and to motor nuclei of brain (called lower motor neurons) and from the spinal cord and motor nuclei of brain to a particular muscle or muscles. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), both the upper motor neurons and the lower motor neurons degenerate or die, and stop sending messages to the muscles. Unable to function, the muscles gradually weaken, start to twitch (called fasciculations), and waste away (atrophy). Eventually, the brain loses its ability to initiate and control voluntary movements.
Early symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) usually include muscle weakness or stiffness. Gradually all muscles under voluntary control are affected, and individuals lose their strength and the ability to speak, eat, move, and even breathe. Most people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) die from respiratory failure, usually within 3 to 5 years from when the symptoms first appear. However, about 10 percent of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) survive for 10 or more years.
Types of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) can affects anyone including men and women, the risk increases with age. Following are the two types of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS):
Sporadic ALS: Sporadic ALS is the most common form of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) disease in the U.S., accounts for 90 to 95 percent of all cases.
Familial ALS: Familial ALS (FALS) which is an inherited disorder and accounts for 5 to 10 percent of all cases in the United States. In the families with FALS, there is a 50% chance each offspring will inherit the gene mutation and may develop the disease.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Disease Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) vary greatly from patient to patient, depending on which neurons are affected. Signs and symptoms might include:
- Difficulty walking or doing normal daily activities
- Tripping and falling
- Weakness in the legs, feet or ankles
- Hand weakness or clumsiness
- Slurred speech or trouble swallowing
- Muscle cramps and twitching in your arms, shoulders and tongue
- Inappropriate crying, laughing or yawning
- Cognitive and behavioral changes
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) often starts in the hands, feet or limbs, and then spreads to other parts of the body. As the disease advances and nerve cells are destroyed, muscles get weaker. This eventually affects chewing, swallowing, speaking and breathing. There’s generally no pain in the early stages of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and pain is uncommon in the later stages. ALS doesn’t usually affect the bladder control or the senses.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Disease Causes
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) disease affects the nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movements such as walking and talking (motor neurons). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) causes the motor neurons to gradually deteriorate, and then die. Motor neurons extend from the brain to the spinal cord to muscles throughout the body. When motor neurons are damaged, they stop sending messages to the muscles, so the muscles can’t function. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) disease is inherited disorder in 5% to 10% of patients, for the rest, the cause is unknown. Most theories center on a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Risk Factors
Established risk factors for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) include:
- Heredity: Five to ten percent of the patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) inherited it (familial ALS). In most patients with familial ALS, their children have a fifty percent chance of developing the disease.
- Age: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) disease risk increases with age, and is most common between the ages of 40 and the mid-60s.
- Sex: Before the age of 65, slightly more male patients than female patients develop amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease, this sex difference disappears after age 70.
- Genetics: Some studies examining the entire human genome found many similarities in the genetic variations of patients with familial ALS and some patients with non-inherited ALS. These genetic variations might make people more susceptible to ALS
Environmental factors, such as the following, might trigger Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
- Smoking: Smoking is the only likely environmental risk factor for developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The risk seems to be greatest for women patients, particularly after menopause.
- Environmental Toxin Exposure- Some evidence suggests that exposure to lead or other substances in the workplace or at home might be linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Much study has been done, but no single agent or chemical has been consistently associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
- Military service- Studies indicate that people who have served in the military are at higher risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease. It’s unclear what about military service might trigger the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease. It might include exposure to certain metals or toxic chemicals, traumatic injuries, viral infections, and intense exertion.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Complications
As the disease progresses, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes complications, such as:
Breathing Problems
Over time, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease paralyzes the muscles used to breathe. Patient might need a device to help breathe at night, similar to what someone with sleep apnea might wear. For example, patients may be given continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) to assist with breathing at night.
Some patients with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease choose to have a tracheostomy procedure, a surgically created hole at the front of the neck leading to the windpipe (trachea) for full-time use of a respirator that inflates and deflates their lungs. The most common cause of death for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease is respiratory failure. On average, death occurs within three to five years after symptoms begin. However, some patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease live 10 or more years.
Speaking Problems
Most patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease develop trouble speaking. This usually starts as occasional, mild slurring of words, but becomes more severe. Speech eventually becomes difficult for others to understand, and people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease often rely on other communication technologies to communicate.
Eating Problems
Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease can develop malnutrition and dehydration from damage to the muscles that control swallowing. They are also at higher risk of getting food, liquids or saliva into the lungs, which can cause pneumonia. A feeding tube can reduce these risks and ensure proper hydration and nutrition.
Dementia
Some patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease have problems with memory and decision-making, and some are eventually diagnosed with a form of dementia called Frontotemporal Dementia.
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