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Biceps-Muscle Biopsy Biospecimens

by | Oct 9, 2024 | News Releases | 0 comments

Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade, frozen bicep muscle biopsy samples with matched K2-EDTA plasma,  sera (serum) and PBMC samples from unique healthy donors.

Healthy donors’ peripheral whole-blood is processed to obtain the sera (serum), K2-EDTA plasma, and PBMCs using customized collection and processing protocols.

Biceps Overview

A large muscle, the biceps, is situated on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow.

Also known by the Latin name biceps brachii (meaning “two-headed muscle of the arm”), the muscle’s primary function is to flex the elbow and rotate the forearm.

The heads of the muscle arise from the scapula (shoulder blade) and combine in the middle arm to form a muscle mass.

The other end attaches to the radius, the outermost of the two bones that make up the forearm.

Biceps Anatomy

The biceps is one of four muscles alongside the brachialis, brachioradialis, and coracobrachialis muscles that make up the upper arm.

In fact, the two heads of the biceps muscle are comprised in each end by tendons, which anchor the muscles to the bones.

  • The long head originates from a cavity in the scapula called the glenoid. Then, it passes through the shoulder joint to the upper arm through a groove in the humerus (the large bone of the upper arm).
  • The short head originates from a projection on the scapula called the coracoid and then runs alongside the long head on the inside of the arm.

However, the two heads of biceps muscle join in the middle arm to form a combined muscle belly. Although the heads work in tandem to move the forearm, they are anatomically distinct, with no conjoined fibers.

Therefore, as the heads extend downward toward the elbow, they rotate 90 degrees and attach to a rough projection just beneath the neck of the radius called the radial tuberosity.

Also, of the other three muscles that make up the upper arm, the biceps is the only one to cross two joints: the elbow joint and the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.

Function

Although the biceps is the most prominent muscle of the upper arm, it serves to support and stabilize the deeper (and stronger) brachialis muscle whenever lifting or lowering the forearm.

Despite what some think, the biceps is not the most powerful flexor of the forearm.

In fact, the biceps primarily flex and supinate (rotate outward) the forearm. However, the 90-degree rotation of the muscle as it connects to the radius partially facilitates this action.

Also, as the biceps muscle contracts, it can do one of two things (or both together):

  • The brachialis aid in the flexions (lifting) of the forearm
  • Helps the supinator muscle (which starts at the outer elbow and ends at the inner wrist) in rotating the forearm upward

Although the supination of the forearm involves the biceps, pronation (in which the palm is turned downward) is facilitated by the brachialis and corresponding pronator muscles.

For example, the biceps also weakly assists with arm movements at the glenohumeral joint, including forward flexion (lifting the entire arm forward), abduction (opening the arm to the side), and adduction (folding the arm across the body).

Accordingly, the small head of the biceps is important in stabilizing the scapula, allowing us to carry heavy weights when the arm is in an extended downward position.

Nerve Supply

The movements of the biceps are facilitated by the musculocutaneous nerve, which runs from the cervical (neck) spine and ends just above the elbow. The brachialis and coracobrachialis muscles are also serviced by the nerve.

In addition to directing the contraction of muscles, the musculocutaneous nerve (also referred to as the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves) provides sensations to the outer side of the forearm from the elbow to the wrist. 

Also, a separate nerve, known as the radial nerve, services the brachioradialis muscle.

Skeletal Muscles

Skeletal muscles move the external parts of the body and the limbs. They cover the bones and give the body its shape.

As skeletal muscles only pull in one direction, they work in pairs. When one muscle in the pair contracts, the other expands, and this facilitates movement.

The muscles attach to strong tendons, which either attach to or directly connect with the bones. The tendons extend over the joints, and this helps keep the joints stable. A person in good health can consciously control their skeletal muscles.

In fact, most visible body movements, such as running, walking, talking, and moving the eyes, head, limbs, or digits occur when the skeletal muscles contract.

Also, skeletal muscles also control all facial expressions, including smiles, frowns, and mouth and tongue movements.

Skeletal muscles are continually making tiny adjustments to maintain the body’s posture. They keep a person’s back straight or hold their head in one position. Together with the tendons, they keep the bones in the right position so that the joints do not dislocate.

Skeletal muscles also generate heat when they contract and release, and this helps maintain body temperature. Nearly 85% of the heat that the body produces comes from muscle contraction.

Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Samples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.

Also, all our human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

So this critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Additionally, patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, and other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples, including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC.

Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

Moreover, we can also procure most human bio-specimens, special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, and PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols; you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.

Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.

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