Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade, fresh frozen sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid samples from patients diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder.
The sera (serum), plasma and PBMC biofluid specimens are processed from bipolar disorder patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols. The bipolar disorder matched biofluid samples are collected from unique patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, diagnostics, discovery and drug development.
Detailed clinical data, patient’s history, symptoms, complete blood count (CBC), serology, MRI findings, histopathology information, elevated biomarker levels, genetic and metabolic information associated with the bipolar disorder specimens is provided to a valued customer for research, development and drug discovery.
The bipolar disorder sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluids are processed from patients peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.
Bipolar Disorder Overview
Bipolar disorder is a type of mental illness that causes extreme shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, sleep and behavior and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Bipolar disorder also known as manic-depressive illness or manic depression. Patients who have bipolar disorder can have periods in which they feel overly happy and energized and other periods of feeling very sad, hopeless, and sluggish. In between those periods, they usually feel normal. This describes the highs and the lows as two “poles” of mood, which is why it’s called “bipolar” disorder.
In the United States 2.8 percent of the adults which is over 5 million people have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The average age of the bipolar patients with bipolar disorder onset is about 25 years old, but it can develop in the teens, or more uncommonly, in childhood. Bipolar disease affects men and women equally, with about 2.8% of the U.S. population diagnosed with bipolar disorder and nearly 83% of cases classified as severe.
The word “manic” describes the times when someone with bipolar disorder feels overly excited and confident. These feelings can also involve irritability and impulsive or reckless decision-making. About half of the patients during mania can also have delusions (believing things that aren’t true and that they can’t be talked out of) or hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there). “Hypomania” describes milder symptoms of mania, in which someone does not have delusions or hallucinations, and their high symptoms do not interfere with their everyday life. Depressive describes the times when the patient feels very sad or depressed. Those symptoms are the same as those described in major depressive disorder or “clinical depression,” a condition in which someone never has manic or hypomanic episodes. Most patients with bipolar disorder spend more time with depressive symptoms than manic or hypomanic symptoms.
Signs and symptoms usually include alternating periods of manic episodes (joyful or excited states) and depressive episodes (very sad, hopeless or empty states). Mood episodes may also include symptoms of both mania and depression (a mixed state). It often develops in the late teens or early adult years, but age of onset can range from childhood to late in life. Bipolar disorder can run in families, although no single gene is thought to cause the condition. Many factors acting together likely increase a person’s risk to develop the disorder. Treatment may include medication and psychotherapy for preventing relapses and reducing the severity of symptoms.
Types of Bipolar Disorders
Bipolar disorder is typically diagnosed during late adolescence (teen years) or early adulthood. Occasionally, bipolar symptoms can appear in children. Bipolar disorder can also first appear during a woman’s pregnancy or following childbirth. Although the symptoms may vary over time, bipolar disorder usually requires lifelong treatment.
There are three main types of bipolar disorders. All three bipolar disease types involve clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. These moods range from periods of extremely “up,” ecstatically happy, irritable, or energized behavior (known as manic episodes) to very “down,” sad, indifferent, or hopeless periods these are known as depressive episodes. Less severe manic periods are known as hypomanic episodes.
- Bipolar I Disorder: This type of bipolar disorder is characterized by manic episodes that last at least 7 days, or by manic symptoms that are so severe that the patient needs immediate hospital care. Usually, depressive episodes occur as well, typically lasting at least 2 weeks. Episodes of depression with mixed features, having depressive symptoms and manic symptoms at the same time can also happen.
- Bipolar II Disorder: This type of bipolar disorder is characterized by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, but not the full-blown manic episodes that are typical of Bipolar I Disorder.
- Cyclothymic Disorder (also called Cyclothymia): This type of bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years. However, the symptoms do not meet the diagnostic requirements for a hypomanic episode and a depressive episode.
Signs and Symptoms of Bipolar Disorders
In bipolar disorder, the dramatic episodes of high and low moods do not follow a set pattern. Some patients may feel the same mood state (depressed or manic) several times before switching to the opposite mood. These episodes can happen over a period of weeks, months, and sometimes even years. Severity of the disease depends on patient to patient and can also change over a period of time, it can become less or more severe.
Following are the common signs and symptoms of mania or the highs:
- Excessive excitement happiness and hopefulness
- Sudden changes from being joyful to being irritable, angry, and hostile
- Restlessness
- Rapid speech and poor concentration
- Increased energy
- Unusually high sex drive
- Spending sprees
- Making grand and unrealistic plans
- Showing poor judgment
- Alcohol and Drug abuse
- Becoming more impulsive
- Less need for sleep
- Less of an appetite
- Larger sense of self-confidence and well-being
- Being easily distracted
Following are the common signs and symptoms of the depressive periods of the bipolar disorder:
- Loss of energy
- Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness
- Not enjoying things they once liked
- Trouble concentrating
- Forgetfulness
- Sadness
- Talking slowly
- Less of a sex drive
- Inability to feel pleasure
- Uncontrollable crying
- Trouble making decisions
- Irritability
- Suicide
- Needing to sleep more
- Insomnia (lack of sleep)
- Appetite changes resulting in weight gain or loss
- Depression thoughts of death or suicide
Causes of Bipolar Disorders
There is no single known cause of developing bipolar disorder. Usually genes play an important role, which means that the disease develops because it runs in the patients family. The way the brain develops may also play an important role, but researchers are not exactly sure how it happen or for what reasons. Scientists are studying how a few factors may lead to the developing of bipolar disorder in some patients.
Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorders
Diagnosis of bipolar disorder I involves either one or more manic episodes, or mixed (manic and depressive) episodes. It may also include a major depressive episode, but it may not. A diagnosis of bipolar II involves one or more major depressive episodes and at least one episode of hypomania.
To be diagnosed with a manic episode, a patient must experience symptoms that last for at least one week or that cause hospitalization. The bipolar patients must experience symptoms almost all day every day during this time. Major depressive episodes, on the other hand, must last for at least two weeks. Bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose because mood swings can vary. It’s even harder to diagnose in children and adolescents. This age group often has greater changes in mood, behavior, and energy levels. Bipolar disorder often gets worse if it’s left untreated. Episodes may happen more often or become more extreme.
Treatment of Bipolar Disorders
There are several treatments available that can help manage bipolar disorder. These treatments include counseling, medications and lifestyle changes.
Psychotherapy
Following are some of the recommended psychotherapy treatments:
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy is a type of talk therapy, in which a therapist talk with the bipolar disorder patient about ways to manage bipolar disorder. They will help you understand your thinking patterns, and can also help you come up with positive coping strategies.
Psychoeducation
Psychoeducation is a kind of counseling that helps you and your loved ones understand the disorder. Knowing more about bipolar disorder will help you and others in your life manage it.
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (SRT) focuses on regulating daily habits, such as sleeping, eating, and exercising. Balancing these everyday basics can help you manage your disorder.
Other treatment options
Following are some of the other treatment options available for bipolar disorder:
- Ecectroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- Acupuncture
- supplements
- Sleep medications
Medications
Following are some of the medications used for the treatments of bipolar disorder:
Doctors may need to try different medications before they can figure out which treatment works best. It can take a while to find the right combination of medicines. Once the effective treatment is identified, it is important to stay on that medication and talk with your doctor before stopping or changing anything.
- Antidepressant-antipsychotics, such as fluoxetine-olanzapine (Symbyax)
- Antipsychotics, such as cariprazine (Vraylar), olanzapine (Zyprexa) and quetiapine (Seoquel)
- Antidepressant-antipsychotic drugs, a combination of an antidepressant and a mood stabilizer.
- Mood stabilizing drugs, such as carbazamazepine (Tegretol), valporate (depakote) or lithium (Lithobid)
- Anti-anxiety medications such as sedatives benzodiazepines and alprazloam (Xanax) which may be used for short-term treatment.
Lifestyle changes
Following steps can be taken to help manage bipolar disorder:
- Keep a routine for eating and sleeping habits
- Identify mood swings
- Ask family and friends to support the treatment plans
Other lifestyle changes can also help relieve depressive symptoms caused by bipolar disorder.
Risk factors of Bipolar Disorders
Bipolar disorder usually develops in late adolescence or young adulthood, Bipolar disorder usually runs in families, it can sometime in early childhood. Men and women are equally likely to develop the disease. Women are somehow more likely than men to go through “rapid cycling,” which is having four or more distinct mood episodes within a year. Women patients also tend to spend more time depressed than men patients with bipolar disorder.
Men and women are equally likely to get bipolar disorder. Women patients are more likely than men patients to go through “rapid cycling,” which is having four or more distinct mood episodes within a year. Women also tend to spend more time depressed than men with bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder usually develops later in life for women patients, and they’re more likely to have bipolar disorder II and be affected by seasonal mood changes. A combination of medical and mental issues are more common in women patients. These medical issues can include thyroid disease, migraine, and anxiety disorders.
Following are some of the factors that make you more likely to develop bipolar disorder:
- Certain health conditions
- Having a family member with bipolar disorder
- Going through a time of high stress or trauma
- Drug or alcohol abuse
Many patients with bipolar disorder usually abuse alcohol or other drugs when manic or depressed. Patients with bipolar disorder are more likely to have seasonal depression, co-existing anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens and human bio-fluid collections from cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma cancer PBMC and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.
Bay Biosciences maintains and manages it’s own bio-repository, human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types. Our biobank procures and stores fully consented, deidentified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.
All our human human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed samples associated patient’s clinical data. This critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers and genetic information. Patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, other therapeutic areas and diseases. This clinical information is critical to demonstrate their impact, monitor the safety of medicines, testing & diagnostics, and generate new knowledge about the causes of disease and illness.
Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples including cryogenically preserved -80°C, fresh, fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, FFPE’s, tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC’s.
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Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors; including peripheral whole-blood, amniotic fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), sputum, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum (sera), plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s), saliva, Buffy coat, urine, stool samples, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, kidney stones, renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis and other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer. We can also procure most human bio-specimens and can do special collections and requests of human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB approved clinical protocols and procedures.
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