Bay Biosciences provides fresh frozen, clinical grade human serum (sera), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples from unique patients diagnosed with chronic kidney (renal) disease who were on diet modification and dialysis, requiring medication.
Detailed clinical data and pathology annotations and drug information associated with the serum (sera), plasma and PBMC samples from chronic renal kidney (CKD) patients requiring dialysis, is provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for clinical research.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Overview
Chronic kidney (renal) disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. Most kidney diseases attack the nephrons. This damage may leave kidneys unable to remove wastes from the body. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) means that your kidneys are damaged and can’t filter blood as they should normally. This damage can cause wastes to build up in your body. It can also cause other problems that can harm your health.
Kidney disease affects approximately 37 million or 15% people in the Unites States, and CKD and millions of others are at increased risk. CKD is more common in women (15%) than men (12%). Kidney failure affects almost 750,000 people people per year in the United States. After one year of treatment, those on dialysis have a 15-20% mortality rate, with a 5-year survival rate of under 50%. Patients who receive transplants have a survival rate of about 80% after 5 years. According to the WHO over 1.2 million people die from kidney failure.
Chronic kidney disease occurs when the kidneys become damaged and can’t perform their function. Damage may be caused by diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension) and various other chronic (long-term) conditions. Kidney disease can lead to other health problems, including weak bones, nerve damage, and malnutrition. Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition that doesn’t improve over time. It’s mostly caused by high blood pressure.
Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is present what a patient’s glomerular filtration rate remains below 60 milliliters per minutes for more than three months or when a patient’s urine albumin-to-creatinine ration is over 30 milligrams (mg) of albumin for each gram (g) creatinine.
Types of Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD)
Chronic Kidney Disease
The most common form of kidney diseases is, chronic kidney disease (CKD). Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition that doesn’t improve over time. It’s commonly caused by high blood pressure. High blood pressure is dangerous for the kidneys because it can increase the pressure on the glomeruli. Glomeruli are the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys where blood is cleaned. Over time, the increased pressure damages these vessels and kidney function (glomerular changes) begins to decline. Kidney function will eventually deteriorate to the point where the kidneys can no longer perform their job properly. In this case, the patient would need to go on dialysis. Dialysis filters extra fluid and waste out of the blood. Dialysis can help treat kidney disease but it can’t cure it.
Diabetes is also a major cause of chronic kidney disease. Diabetes is a group of diseases that causes high blood pressure. The increased level of sugar in the blood damages the blood vessels in the kidneys over time. This means the kidneys can’t clean the blood properly. Kidney failure can occur when your body becomes overloaded with toxins.
Kidney stones
Kidney stones are another common kidney problem. They occur when minerals and other substances in the blood crystallize in the kidneys, forming solid masses (stones). Kidney stones usually come out of the body during urination. Passing kidney stones can be extremely painful, but they rarely cause significant problems.
Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli. Glomeruli are extremely small structures inside the kidneys that filter the blood. Glomerulonephritis can be caused by infections, drugs, or congenital abnormalities (disorders that occur during or shortly after birth). It often gets better on its own.
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder that causes numerous cysts (small sacs of fluid) to grow in the kidneys. These cysts can interfere with kidney function and cause kidney failure. (It’s important to note that individual kidney cysts are fairly common and almost always harmless. Polycystic kidney disease is a separate, more serious condition.)
Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections (UTI’s) are bacterial infections of any part of the urinary system. Infections in the bladder and urethra are the most common. They are easily treatable and rarely lead to more health problems. However, if left untreated, these infections can spread to the kidneys and cause kidney failure.
Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is a condition that causes reduced kidney function over a period of time. Chronic kidney disease may develop over many years and lead to end-stage kidney (or renal) disease (ESRD).
Following are the five stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD):
- Stage 1: Kidney damage with normal kidney function (estimated GFR ≥90 mL/min per 1.73 m2) and persistent (≥3 months) proteinuria.
- Stage 2: Kidney damage with mild loss of kidney function (estimated GFR 60-89 mL/min per 1.73 m2) and persistent (≥3 months) proteinuria.
- Stage 3: Mild-to-severe loss of kidney function (estimated GFR 30-59 mL/min per 1.73 m2).
- Stage 4: Severe loss of kidney function (estimated GFR 15-29 mL/min per 1.73 m2).
- Stage 5: Kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant for survival. Also known as ESRD (estimated GFR <15 mL/min per 1.73 m2).
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Anyone can get chronic kidney disease (CKD), some people are more at risk than others. Following are the causes that increase the risk for CKD include:
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Heart disease
- Having a family member with kidney disease (inherited disorder)
- Being African-American, Hispanic, Native American or Asian
- Being over 60 years old
Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Following are the common symptoms of chronic severe kidney disease (CKD) and the disease is progressing into kidney failure include:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Changes in urine output
- Fluid retention
- Anemia (a decrease in red blood cells)
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Sudden rise in potassium levels (hyperkalemia)
- Inflammation of the pericardium (fluid-filled sac that covers the heart)
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens and human bio-fluid collections from cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma cancer PBMC and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.
Bay Biosciences maintains and manages it’s own bio-repository, human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types. Our biobank procures and stores fully consented, deidentified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.
All our human human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed samples associated patient’s clinical data. This critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers and genetic information. Patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, other therapeutic areas and diseases. This clinical information is critical to demonstrate their impact, monitor the safety of medicines, testing & diagnostics, and generate new knowledge about the causes of disease and illness.
Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples including cryogenically preserved -80°C, fresh, fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, FFPE’s, tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC’s.
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Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors; including peripheral whole-blood, amniotic fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), sputum, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum (sera), plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s), saliva, Buffy coat, urine, stool samples, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, kidney stones, renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis and other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer. We can also procure most human bio-specimens and can do special collections and requests of human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB approved clinical protocols and procedures.
In addition to the standard processing protocols Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols, you can buy donor specific sample collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquoting from us. Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors, volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.
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