Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade bio-samples, cryogenically preserved tumor tissue, FFPE blocks, sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid specimens from patients diagnosed with Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL).
The sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid samples are processed from patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized processing protocols. The Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) bio-specimens are collected from unique patients diagnosed with Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for translational research, genomics, proteomics and biomarker research, drug discovery and development.
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL)
Lymphomas are tumors of the lymph nodes and lymphatic system. Extra-nodal lymphomas are tumors that occur in organs or tissues outside of the lymphatic system. When lymphomas occur in the skin with no evidence of disease anywhere else at the time of diagnosis, they are called ‘primary’ cutaneous lymphomas. There are many different types of primary cutaneous lymphomas but they can be broadly divided into two categories, cutaneous T-Cell lymphomas and cutaneous B-Cell lymphomas. Of all primary cutaneous lymphomas, 65% are of the T-cell type. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) refer to a serious but uncommon skin condition in which there is an abnormal neoplastic proliferation of lymphocytes with a ´T´ subtype (thymus-derived).
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) Overview
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a class of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, which is a type of cancer of the immune system. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare type of cancer that begins in white blood cells called T cells (T lymphocytes). These cells normally help the body’s germ-fighting immune system. In cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, the T cells develop abnormalities that make them attack the skin. Unlike most Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (which are generally B-cell related), CTCL is caused by a mutation of T-Cells. The cancerous T cells in the body initially migrate to the skin, causing various lesions to appear. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma can cause rash-like skin redness, slightly raised or scaly round patches on the skin, and, sometimes, skin tumors. These lesions change shape as the disease progresses, typically beginning as what appears to be a rash which can be very itchy and eventually forming plaques and tumors before spreading to other parts of the body.
Several types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) exist. The most common type is mycosis fungoides. Sezary syndrome is a less common type that causes skin redness over the entire body. Some types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, such as mycosis fungoides, progress slowly and others are more aggressive. The other more commonly seen forms of cutaneous lymphoma include the CD30 positive lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30+ LPDs). Whereas primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL) is a malignant CD30+ LPD, the benign spectrum of the CD30+ LPDs includes lymphomatoid papulosis. The type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma helps determine which treatments are best. Treatments can include skin creams, light therapy, radiation therapy and systemic medications, such as chemotherapy.
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma include:
- Round patches of skin that may be raised or scaly and might be itchy
- Patches of skin that appear lighter in color than surrounding skin
- Dry, red, scaly patches or bumps on the skin
- Lumps that form on the skin and may break open
- Enlarged Lymph Nodes
- Lesions on the Skin
- Tumors on the Skin
- Hair loss
- Thickening of the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
- A rash-like skin redness over the entire body that is intensely itchy
- The symptoms of Cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma may resemble other dermatological conditions.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) Causes
The exact cause of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma isn’t known. In general, cancer begins when cells develop changes (mutations) in their DNA. A cell’s DNA contains instructions that tell a cell what to do. The DNA mutations tell the cells to grow and multiply rapidly, creating many abnormal cells.
In Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL), the mutations cause too many abnormal T cells that attack the skin. T cells are part of your immune system, and they normally help your body fight germs. Doctors don’t know why the cells attack the skin.
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) Treatment
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Treatment may include:
- Chemotherapy: This is treatment with medicines to kill cancer cells. Medicines may be put on the skin as a cream or gel. Or they may be taken orally (by mouth) or injected into a vein so they can reach cancer cells all over the body.
- Other Types of Medicine: These may include retinoids, corticosteroids
corticosteroids, targeted therapies, or immunotherapy. Some of these are applied to the skin, others are taken orally (by mouth) or given as a shot (injection). - Radiation Therapy: This treatment uses X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Total skin electron beam therapy (or TSEBT) may be used to treat skin lymphoma.
- Photodynamic Therapy: This uses certain types of UV (ultraviolet) light and medicines called psoralens to kill cancer cells.
- Extracorporeal Photopheresis (or ECP): This therapy is used to kill lymphoma cells in the blood. The blood is sent through a machine that exposes it to a special UV (ultraviolet) light. The light kills the lymphoma cells. The blood is then returned to the body.
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) Stages
Staging is the process of determining whether cancer has spread and, if so, how far. It is important to know the stage of the disease in order to plan treatment. Symptoms of Cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma depend on the stage of the cancer (how far it has spread).
The following are the most common symptoms of cutaneous lymphoma:
- Stage 1: Dry, red, scaly patches or bumps on skin, but no tumors. Lymph nodes are normal.
- Stage 2: Dry, red, scaly patches or bumps on skin, but no tumors. Lymph nodes are enlarged but do not contain cancer cells or at least one tumor on skin. Lymph nodes are normal or larger than normal, but do not contain cancer cells.
- Stage 3: Most of the skin is dry, red, scaly, or bumpy, and may have tumors. Lymph nodes are normal or larger than normal, but do not contain cancer cells.
- Stage 4: Skin is dry, red, scaly, or bumpy, and may have tumors. Cancer has metastasized (spread) to the lymph nodes and/or to other organs, such as the liver or spleen.
Detailed clinical data, computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) scans, elevated biomarker levels, genetic & metabolic information, skin Tumors tissue biopsy, bone marrow, pathology annotations associated with the Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) patient’s specimens is provided to a valued customer for drug discover, development and research.
The Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid samples are processed from patients peripheral whole-blood using customized processing protocols provided by the researcher.
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