Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan Overview
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic exam that uses a combination of a large magnet, radiofrequencies and a computer to create detailed images of organs, tissue and structures within the body. MRI does not use ionizing radiation.
The scanner itself typically resembles a large tube with a table in the middle, allowing the patient to slide in. An MRI scan differs from CT scans and X-rays, as it does not use potentially harmful ionizing radiation.
How Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Works?
The MRI machine is a large, cylindrical (tube-shaped) machine that creates a strong magnetic field around the patient and pulses of radio waves are sent from a scanner.
The radio waves knock the nuclei of the atoms in your body out of their natural position. As the nuclei realign into proper position, they send out radio signals.
These signals are received by a computer that analyzes and converts them to form a two-dimensional (2D) image of the part of the body being examined. This image then appears on a viewing monitor.
The MRI machine can also produce 3D images that can be viewed from different angles.
Uses of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Using radio waves and magnets, MRIs are used to view objects inside the body. Doctors, scientists, and researchers are able to examine the inside of the human body in high detail using a non-invasive tool.
Following are some examples in which an MRI scanner can be used:
- Diseases of the brain and spinal cord
- Breast cancer screening for women who face a high risk of breast cancer
- Certain types of heart problems
- Diseases of the liver and other abdominal organs
- Injuries or abnormalities of the joints, such as the back and knee
- The evaluation of pelvic pain in women, with causes including fibroids and endometriosis
- Tumors, cysts, and other anomalies in various parts of the body
- Uterine anomalies in women undergoing evaluation for infertility
Preparation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan
Not much preparation is required, before an MRI scan procedure.
On arrival at the hospital, doctors may ask the patient to change into a gown. As magnets are used, it is critical that no metal objects are present in the scanner. The doctor will ask the patient to remove any metal jewelry or accessories that might interfere with the machine.
A patient will probably be unable to have an MRI if they have any metal inside their body, such as bullets, shrapnel, or other metallic foreign objects. This can also include medical devices, such as cochlear implants, aneurysm clips, and pacemakers.
People who are anxious, claustrophobic or nervous about enclosed spaces should let their doctor know before the procedure. Often, they can be given medication prior to the MRI to help make the procedure more comfortable.
Patients will sometimes receive an injection of intravenous (IV) contrast liquid to improve the visibility of a particular tissue that is relevant to the scan.
The radiologist, a doctor who specializes in medical images, will then talk the individual through the MRI scanning process and answer any questions they may have about the procedure.
Once the patient has entered the scanning room, the doctor will help them onto the scanner table to lie down. Staff will ensure that they are as comfortable as possible by providing blankets or cushions.
Earplugs or headphones will be provided to block out the loud noises of the scanner. The latter is popular with children, as they can listen to music to calm any anxiety during the MRI procedure.
During Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan
Once in the scanner, the MRI technician will communicate with the patient via the intercom to make sure that they are comfortable. They will not start the scan until the patient is ready.
During the scan, it is vital to stay still. Any movement will disrupt the images, much like a camera trying to take a picture of a moving object. Loud clanging noises will come from the scanner. This is perfectly normal.
Depending on the images, at times it may be necessary for the person to hold their breath.
If the patient feels uncomfortable during the procedure, they can speak to the MRI technician via the intercom and request that the scan be stopped.
After Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan
After the scan, the radiologist will examine the images to check whether any more are required. If the radiologist is satisfied, the patient can go home.
The radiologist will prepare a report for the requesting doctor. Patients are usually asked to make an appointment with their doctor to discuss the results.
Side Effects of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan
It is extremely rare that a patient will experience any side effects from an MRI scan.
However, the contrast dye can cause nausea, headaches, and pain or burning at the point of injection in some individuals. Allergy to the contrast material is also seldom seen but it is possible and can cause hives or itchy eyes. Patients must notify the technician if any adverse reactions occur during the MRI scan.
Individuals who experience claustrophobia or feel uncomfortable in enclosed spaces sometimes express difficulties with undergoing an MRI scan.
Risks of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan
Both CT scans and MRIs pose some risks when used. The risks are based on the type of imaging as well as how the imaging is performed.
CT scan risks include:
- A very small dose of radiation
- Harm to unborn babies
- Potential reaction to the use of dyes
MRI risks include:
- Claustrophobia
- Increase in body temperature during long MRIs
- Loud noises from the machine causing hearing issues
- Possible reactions to metals due to magnets
A patient should consult a doctor prior to an MRI if you they have implants including:
- Artificial joints
- An IUD
- Eye implants
- A Pacemaker installed
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