Bay Biosciences provides high-quality FFPE tissue blocks with matching fresh frozen sera (serum),  plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) bio-fluids from patients diagnosed with skin cancer.

Moreover, the sera (serum), plasma and PBMC bio-fluids are processed from skin cancer  patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.

In addition, the matched bio-fluids are collected from unique patients with skin cancer and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, development and drug discovery.

Skin Cancer Samples for Research

Skin Cancer Overview

Skin cancer is cancer that starts as a growth of cells on the skin. Furthermore, the cells can invade and destroy healthy body tissue. Sometimes, the cells break away and spread to other parts of the body.

Additionally, many kinds of skin cancer exist. Specifically, the most common skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. While these are the most common, they often can be cured. However, the most dangerous form of skin cancer is melanoma. Consequently, it is more likely to spread, making it harder to cure.

Moreover, most skin cancers occur on skin that gets a lot of sunlight. In fact, the light that comes from the sun is thought to cause most skin cancers. Therefore, you can reduce your risk of skin cancer by covering your skin with clothes or sunscreen to protect it from the sun.

In contrast, some skin cancers occur on skin that doesn’t typically get sun. This likely means that something else is causing these cancers. To reduce your risk of these kinds of skin cancers, it is important to check your skin regularly for any changes. Finally, report these changes to your doctor.

Moreover, doctors  advise people to check for symptoms of skin cancer regularly throughout the year. Furthermore,, early detection improves the outlook of each type of skin cancer.

In fact, skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. Specifically, melanoma is the most dangerous type, but it is less common than other forms of skin cancer.

Symptoms

Melanoma is the type most likely to develop in a mole.

The Skin Cancer Foundation says that everyone should examine their whole body, from head to toe, once per month.

Signs and symptoms of skin cancer include:

  • First, any moles, a bump, a scab or growths
  • Second, rough patch on the skin
  • Moreover, sore on the skin that won’t heal or Itchy skin around a skin growth
  • Finally, pain around a skin growth.

The most common symptom of skin cancer is an unusual pink or brown spot, patch, or mole.

Enlarged lymph nodes can also signal skin cancer. Lymph nodes are collections of lymphatic tissue through which immune cells pass and where some immune cells reside. Many lymph nodes are in the neck, groin, and underarms.

Types of Skin Cancer

Following are the 5 types of skin cancer:

  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Melanoma
  • Non-melanoma skin cancer
  • Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

How to Identify Basal and Squamous cell Cancer

Basal and squamous cell skin cancers are more common; however, they are not as dangerous as melanoma. They can develop anywhere; nevertheless, they are most likely to form on the face, head, or neck.

A basal cell carcinoma may:

  • Firstly, be a flat, firm area of skin, similar to a scar
  • Secondly, be a raised, sometimes itchy patch of skin
  • Thirdly, be pale, reddish, yellow, or pink on white skin
  • Moreover, be the same color as the skin or darker on black or brown skin
  • Furthermore, take the form of small, shiny, pearly bumps with blue, brown, or black areas
  • Likewise, be growths that have raised edges and a lower center plus abnormal blood vessels that spread from the growth like the spokes of a wheel
  • Finally,  take the form of open sores that ooze or crust and either do not heal or heal and return

A squamous cell carcinoma may:

  • First, be a rough or scaly red patch that may crust or bleed
  • Second, be a raised growth or lump, sometimes with a lower center
  • Next, take the form of open sores that ooze or crust and either do not heal or heal and return
  • Lastly, be a growth that looks like a wart

Not all skin cancers look alike. The American Cancer Society recommends that people contact a doctor if they notice:

  • Firstly, a mark that does not look like others on their body
  • Secondly, a sore that does not heal
  • Additionally, changes in skin color or new swelling outside the border of a mole
  • Moreover, itching, pain, or tenderness in a mole
  • Likewise, oozing, scaliness, or bleeding in a mole
  • Also, a dark streak around a nail

Next, How to Identify Melanoma

The medical community has developed two ways to spot the early symptoms of melanoma. In fact, this is the most dangerous type of skin cancer.

Specifically, a person can use the ABCDE method or the ugly duckling method.

Firstly, the ABCDE method

Generally, brown spots, marks, and moles are usually harmless. However, the first symptom of melanoma can occur in what doctors call an atypical mole, or dysplastic nevi.

To identify, an atypical mole, check for the following:

  • A: Asymmetry. For instance, if the two halves of a mole do not match, this can be an early indication of melanoma.
  • B: Border. In contrast, the edges of a harmless mole are even and smooth. Conversely, if a mole has uneven edges, it can be an early symptom of melanoma. Moreover, the mole’s border may also be scalloped or notched.
  • C: Color. On the other hand, harmless moles are a single shade, usually of brown. In comparison, melanoma can cause differentiations in shade, from tan, brown, or black to red, blue, or white. Furthermore, on dark skin, the lesion may be darker, or color changes may be less pronounced.
  • D: Diameter. Ultimately, harmless moles tend to be smaller than dangerous ones. In fact, dangerous moles are usually around one-quarter of an inch (6 millimeters) across.
  • E: Evolving. Moreover, if a mole starts to change, or evolve, this can be a warning sign. Consequently, changes may involve shape, color, or elevation from the skin. Furthermore, alternatively, a mole may start to bleed, itch, or crust.

In fact, It is worth noting that 70–80% of melanomas occur in a new lesion rather than from an existing mole.

The Ugly Duckling Method

The ugly duckling method works on the premise that a person’s moles tend to resemble one another. If one mole stands out in any way, it may indicate skin cancer.

Of course, not all moles and growths are cancerous. However, if a person notices any of the above characteristics, they should speak with a doctor.

Diagnosis of Skin Cancer

First, a doctor will examine a person’s skin and take their medical history. Additionally, they will usually ask the person when the mark first appeared, if its appearance has changed, if it is ever painful or itchy, and if it bleeds.

Moreover, the doctor will also ask about the person’s family history and any other risk factors, such as lifetime sun exposure.

Furthermore, they may also check the rest of the body for other atypical moles and spots. Finally, they may feel the lymph nodes to determine whether or not they are enlarged.

Subsequently, the doctor may then refer a person to a skin doctor, or dermatologist. Upon referral, they may examine the mark with a dermatoscope, which is a handheld magnifying device, and take a small sample of skin, or a biopsy, and send it to a laboratory to check for signs of cancer.

Causes and Risk Factors

Researchers do not know why certain cells become cancerous. Nevertheless, they have identified some risk factors for skin cancer.

In fact, the most important risk factor for melanoma is exposure to UV rays. These, in turn, damage the skin cells’ DNA, which controls how the cells grow, divide, and stay alive.

Most UV rays come from sunlight. However, they also come from tanning beds.

Moreover, some other risk factors for skin cancer include:

  • A lot of moles: A person with more than 100 moles is more likely to develop melanoma.
  • Fair skin, light hair, and freckles: The risk of developing melanoma is higher among people with fair skin. Those who burn easily have an increased risk.
  • Family history: Around 10% of people with the condition have a family history of it.
  • Personal history: Additionally, Melanoma is likelier to form in a person who has already had it. Moreover, people who have had basal cell or squamous cell cancers also have an increased risk of developing melanoma.

Prevention of Skin Cancer

The best way to reduce the risk of skin cancer is to limit one’s exposure to UV rays. Specifically, a person can do this by using sunscreen, seeking shade, and covering up when outdoors.

In addition, people should also avoid tanning beds and sunlamps to reduce their risk of skin cancer.

Treatment

Regarding treatment, health care providers usually remove basal cell and squamous cell cancers with minor surgery.

Alternatively, radiation therapy is an alternative treatment when a person cannot undergo surgery. Moreover, a doctor may also recommend this treatment when the cancer is in a place that would make surgery difficult, such as on the eyelids, nose, or ears.

For melanoma, the best treatment will depend on the stage and location of the cancer. If a doctor diagnoses melanoma early, they can usually remove it with minor surgery.

Furthermore, in some cases, doctors may suggest other types of surgery or therapy.

Summary

In summary, doctors advise people to check for symptoms of skin cancer regularly.

Notably, the most common types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Ultimately, receiving a diagnosis early will improve the outlook, regardless of the type.

Moreover, if a mole or mark has undefined or uneven edges, has multiple colors, or is atypical in any way, it can indicate skin cancer; furthermore, the appearance of sores that do not heal can also be a warning sign. Therefore, anyone who has concerns about marks, moles, or lesions on their skin should speak with a doctor.

In addition, exposure to UV light is the most significant risk factor for skin cancer. Consequently, the best way to prevent this condition is to stay safe in the sun.

Biospecimens

biospecimen

Bay Biosciences is, indeed a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Specifically, samples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Moreover, Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.

Additionally, all our human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

In particular, critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Moreover, researchers find patient’s data extremely valuable and use it to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, and other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Specifically, Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples, including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Therefore, please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

  • Firstly, Peripheral whole-blood
  • Secondly, Amniotic fluid
  • Third, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL)
  • Moreover, Sputum
  • Furthermore, Pleural effusion
  • Next, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
  • Also, Serum (sera)
  • Likewise, Plasma
  • In addition, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
  • For example, Saliva
  • Also, Buffy coat
  • Moreover, Urine
  • Furthermore, stool samples
  • Next, Aqueous humor
  • Likewise, Vitreous humor
  • Lastly, Kidney stones (renal calculi)
  • Finally, Other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer.

Moreover, we can also procure most human bio-specimens, furthermore; we offer special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, and PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols. Additionally, you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.

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