Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade, biopsy tissue samples, FFPE tissue blocks with matched cryogenically preserved K2EDTA plasma, sera (serum) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid samples from solitary plasmacytoma patients.
The K2EDTA plasma, sera (serum) and PBMC biofluid specimens are processed from solitary plasmacytoma patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.
Solitary plasmacytoma tissue and matched biofluid samples are collected from unique patients diagnosed with solitary plasmacytoma and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, diagnostics, discovery and drug development.
Solitary Plasmacytoma Overview
Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare condition that is similar to multiple myeloma (MM). However, it describes a single, solid mass of abnormal plasma cells in the bone or soft tissue. Patients who receive a diagnosis of solitary plasmacytoma may go on to develop multiple myeloma (MM).
Solitary plasmacytoma refers to a single abnormal mass, or tumor, that consists of plasma cells, known as a plasmacytoma. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that has an important role in immunity.
A plasmacytoma may progress into multiple myeloma (MM). This is another type of cancer that affects white blood cells. Some people may also describe solitary plasmacytoma as a subdivision of multiple myeloma.
The name solitary plasmacytoma derives from the fact that instead of multiple tumors in different locations, like in multiple myeloma (MM), there is only one tumor. Scientists believe that solitary plasmacytoma is an early, isolated form of multiple myeloma (MM). As many people with solitary plasmacytoma may develop multiple myeloma, it is important to watch closely for signs of multiple myeloma.
There are two main types of solitary plasmacytoma: Solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP). These terms describe whether the clump of abnormal plasma cells occurs in the bone or soft tissue.
Types of Solitary Plasmacytoma
Following are different types of plasmacytoma that can affect different parts of the body.
There are two main types of solitary plasmacytomas:
- Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB): This happens when abnormal plasma cells form a tumor on one spot or site on one of your bones. SPB causes bone damage and pain. Approximately 50% of patients who have SPB develop multiple myeloma.
- Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP): In EMP, also known as solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP), is a single tumor made of abnormal plasma cells affects soft tissue. Soft tissue connects, supports and surrounds your organs and bones. Your muscles, tendons, skin, fat and layers of connective tissue called fascia are examples of soft tissue. EMP can affect soft tissue throughout the body but typically affects your upper respiratory tract, which includes your nasal cavity, sinuses, nasopharynx and larynx, but can affect any organ. Approximately 15% of patients who have EMP develop multiple myeloma (MM).
Solitary plasmacytomas do not have the typical features of myeloma, which include low red blood cell counts, elevated calcium levels in the blood, or reduced kidney function. And although 75% of people with SBP and 25% of people with SEP have an M-protein (abnormal proteins produced by the cancerous plasma cells), they are usually small and disappear following treatment.
Causes of Solitary Plasmacytoma
At present, there is no known cause of solitary plasmacytoma. However, some evidence indicates that factors such as genetics, viral infections, and inhaled irritants may contribute.
Potential risk factors for the condition include older age, being male, and being African American. The average age at which people develop symptoms is 55–60 years, and the rate of incidence is significantly higher in patients over the age of 60.
Incidence rates may be 2–3 times higher in males than females. Some evidence also suggests that incidence is 30% higher in African Americans than in Caucasians, and Asian individuals have a 50% lower lifetime risk of the condition. There may also be a higher risk for those with a family history of the condition.
Signs and Symptoms of Solitary Plasmacytoma
Signs and symptoms of solitary plasmacytoma can vary slightly depending on the location of the mass of abnormal cells. Typically, a patient may notice signs of pain due to compression or enlargement of the tissue the plasmacytoma is affecting.
A 2020 paper notes that common symptoms of solitary plasmacytoma may include the following:
- Local pain
- Pathologic bone fracture
- Spinal cord compression
- Swelling
Diagnosis of Solitary Plasmacytoma
Improvements in diagnostic techniques have helped clinicians to identify solitary plasmacytoma. At present, tools that can help in the detection of solitary plasmacytoma include the following:
- Biopsies, which involve removing small amounts of tissue for analysis
- Imaging tests, which can help doctors to locate the presence of plasmacytomas
- Laboratory analyses of bodily fluids
Using these results and comparing them to diagnostic criteria can help doctors determine the extent of the condition. Furthermore, tests such as a bone marrow aspiration and imaging tests can help identify the risk of progression or presence of multiple plasmacytomas that may indicate multiple myeloma.
Treatment of Solitary Plasmacytoma
The standard form of treatment for solitary plasmacytoma is radiation therapy. This involves focusing radiation, similar to X-rays, on the plasmacytoma to kill the abnormal cells. These cells are highly sensitive to radiation, and as they are localized masses, it is easier to target them with this type of treatment. Doctors may be able to achieve an 80% control rate by using radiation therapy.
Other treatment options for solitary plasmacytoma include surgery or chemotherapy. Surgery may involve complete or partial tumor removal and can help treat pathological fractures, lesions at risk of fracture, and neurological complications. More research is necessary to determine the effectiveness of chemotherapy for solitary plasmacytoma, but it may help individuals with persistent disease.
Outlook of Solitary Plasmacytoma
As long as no other plasmacytomas are present later on, the outlook for the condition is usually good. However, roughly 70% of people with solitary plasmacytoma may go on to eventually develop multiple myeloma. This typically occurs within 2–3 years, so it is important to closely monitor patients for signs of multiple myeloma.
Individuals with SBP may be at a higher risk of progressing to multiple myeloma than those with SEP. However, some evidence suggests that overall survival rates for SBP and SEP may not be significantly different.
A 2019 retrospective analysis of solitary plasmacytoma cases in the United Kingdom and Brazil suggests a 5-year survival rate of almost 91%.
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.
Samples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.
Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.
Our biobank procures and stores fully consented, deidentified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.
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This critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.
Patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, and other therapeutic areas and diseases.
Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples, including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.
Including fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC.
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.
Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.
Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:
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In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, and PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols; you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.
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