Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma Samples
Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma Overview
Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This is a rare type of cancer that begins in the white blood cells. This cancer attacks the skin and causes lesions that look like a rash or bumps.. Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma starts in one type of germ-fighting white blood cell called B cells. These cells are also called B lymphocytes.
Doctors don’t understand what causes CBCL, but it’s not inherited or contagious. They do know that it starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes, part of your immune system.
Lymphocytes can be classified as T cells or B cells. This type of lymphoma involves B cells growing out of control. Most cases of CBCL can be treated and cured, but the condition may come back (recur).
Types of B-Cell Lymphoma
Following are the types of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma include:
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Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), leg type
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Follicle center lymphoma
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Intravascular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma
Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma symptoms include a firm bump under the skin. The bump might be the same color as your skin. Or it might be a darker color or look pink or purple.
Anyone can develop CBCL. It’s known to occur in all genders/sexes and age groups, and many racial backgrounds. BCL is rare, affecting only about 4 of every 1 million people.
Stages of Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma
CBCL stage describes whether the cancer has spread and how much. The stage is important because it guides treatment decisions. Your healthcare provider will explain what stage the cancer is in and what it means for you.
Stage 1E (for extranodal) affects only your skin and hasn’t spread anywhere else. It may also be called stage 1AE if you have no additional “B” symptoms, such as weight loss.
If CBCL has spread, Doctors use the TNM staging system for diagnosis:
- Tumor: “T” documents the number of papules, nodules or tumors, how big they are and where they are. The numbered scale ranges from less to more serious (1 to 3).
- Nodes: “N” indicates whether lymph nodes are involved, how many and where they are. The scale ranges from less to more serious (0 to 3).
- Metastasis: “M” refers to whether lymphoma has metastasized (spread) beyond your skin or lymph nodes (M1) or not spread (M0).
Other staging criteria include:
Bulky vs. Nonbulky
Bulky cancer means that a person has large cancer tumors in their chest. This type of lymphoma demands more aggressive treatment.
Addition of E
Cancers in stage 1 or 2 that also affect an organ outside of the lymphatic system may require more aggressive treatment. Doctors add an E for “extranodal organ” to indicate this stage, e.g., stage 2E.
Binet Staging System
- Stage A: There are fewer than three affected areas of lymphoid tissue, and the person does not have thrombocytopenia or anemia.
- Stage B: The person has three or more enlarged areas of lymphoid tissue but has neither thrombocytopenia nor anemia.
- Stage C: The person has either anemia or thrombocytopenia with any number of affected lymphoid tissue areas.
Signs and Symptoms of Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma
CBCL causes a rash, lump, bump, nodule or tumor on your skin (often called lesions). They may look red, purple or brown.
Lesions may be slightly raised and solid but smooth (called papules). They also may be flat, thickened areas of skin (called plaques). Larger bumps are often called nodules or tumors.
The condition may involve only one lesion or several. And lesions may appear on only one part of your body or multiple areas. They may be close together or spread out.
Rarely, some people also experience other symptoms, sometimes referred to as “B” symptoms, including:
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Night sweats
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Swollen lymph nodes in your neck, armpits or groin.
- Weight loss
Diagnosis of Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma
CBCL lesions can look like pimples, bug bites, allergic reactions, scabs or skin conditions (such as eczema or psoriasis). Because of this, many patients wait to seek medical attention. But if you have any skin abnormalities, you should talk to a healthcare provider, such as your primary care provider or a dermatologist.
Your healthcare provider might order staging tests to determine whether the cancer has spread. These tests might include:
- Blood tests
- Imaging tests such as computerized tomography (CT) scan or PET scan
- Bone marrow biopsy
- Biopsy of the lymph nodes.
Treatment of Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma
Treatment for CBCL depends on the subtype and stage. Treatment options include:
- Active surveillance, or “watch and wait,” which involves monitoring the condition until treatment is necessary.
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Medications rubbed on your skin (topical) or injected, such as corticosteroids
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Monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab
- Surgical removal.
Survival rate of cutaneous B-cell Lymphoma
Prognosis depends on several factors, especially subtype and stage.
The two slow-growing subtypes have a five-year survival rate of about 95%. That means 95% of people are alive five years after diagnosis. But the more aggressive subtypes have a five-year survival rate of 60%.
- Peripheral whole-blood
- Amniotic fluid
- Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL)
- Sputum
- Pleural effusion
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Serum (sera)
- Plasma
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
- Saliva
- Buffy coat
- Urine
- Stool samples
- Aqueous humor
- Vitreous humor
- Kidney stones (renal calculi)
- Other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer.
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