Abdominal Pain Overview
Abdominal pain also known as stomachache or bellyache is usually felt in the part of the trunk below the ribs, above the pelvis and the groin. Most people experience abdominal pain or stomachache at some point in their lives. It can range in intensity from a mild ache to a severe disabling pain. Pain in the abdomen or belly can come from conditions affecting a variety of organs. Abdominal pain can be crampy, achy, dull, intermittent or sharp.
The abdomen is an anatomical area that is bounded by the lower margin of the ribs above, the pelvic bone (pubic ramus) below, and the flanks on each side.
Abdominal Pain can arise from the tissues of the abdominal wall that surround the abdominal cavity e.g. skin and abdominal wall muscles, the term abdominal pain generally is used to describe pain originating from organs within the abdominal cavity e.g. beneath the skin and muscles. These organs include the stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Sometimes pain may be felt in the abdomen even though it is arising from other organs that are close to but not within the abdominal cavity, for example, the lower part of the lungs, the kidneys, the uterus and the ovaries. This type of pain is called referred pain because the pain, although originating outside the abdomen, is being referred to or felt in the abdominal area.
Abdominal pain can be acute and sudden in onset, or the pain can be chronic and longstanding. Abdominal pain may be minor and of no great significance, or it can reflect a major problem involving one of the organs in the abdomen.
While abdominal pain isn’t normal, it isn’t necessarily serious, and it usually resolves by itself. Abdominal pain can be acute and sudden in onset, or the pain can be chronic and longstanding. But certain forms of abdominal pain may indicate a serious health condition, it can reflect a major problem involving one of the organs in the abdomen. so it’s important to recognize the signs that may indicate that there maybe an underlying problem.
Types of Abdominal Pain
Abdominal pain may take several different forms, abdominal pain can be described as localized, cramp-like, or colicky. In addition to how severe it is, abdominal pain can be described in the following ways:
Causes of Abdominal Pain
Abdominal pain can be caused by many conditions. However, the main causes are infection, abnormal growths, inflammation, obstruction (blockage), and intestinal disorders. Infections in the throat, intestines, and blood can cause bacteria to enter the digestive tract, resulting in abdominal pain. These infections may also cause changes in digestion, such as diarrhea or constipation. Viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections that affect the stomach and intestines may also cause significant abdominal pain.
Cramps associated with menstruation are also a potential source of lower abdominal pain, but these are more commonly known to cause pelvic pain.
Other common causes of abdominal pain include:
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Gastroenteritis(stomach flu)
- Acid reflux (when stomach contents leak backward into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms)
- Vomiting
- Stress
Diseases that affect the digestive system can also cause chronic abdominal pain, the most common are:
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome or spastic colon (a disorder that causes abdominal pain, cramping, and changes in bowel movements)
- Crohn’s disease (an inflammatory bowel disease)
- Lactose intolerance (the inability to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products)
Causes of severe abdominal pain include:
- Organ rupture or near-rupture (such as a burst appendix, or appendicitis)
- Kidney Stones
- Gallbladder stones (known as gallstones)
- Kidney infection
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