Addison’s Disease Samples for Research
Bay Biosciences provides high-quality fresh frozen sera (serum), plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) bio-fluid samples for research from patients diagnosed with Addison’s disease.
Moreover, the sera (serum), plasma and PBMC samples are processed from Addison’s disease patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols for research.
In addition, the matched bio-fluid samples are collected from unique patients with Addison’s disease and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, development and drug discovery.
Addison’s disease samples are foundational to biomedical research, providing direct insight into disease biology at the cellular and structural level.
Pharmaceutical companies rely on Addison’s disease samples to validate drug targets, assess tissue-specific toxicity, and confirm therapeutic mechanisms before advancing to clinical trials.
Addison's Disease Overview
In fact, Addison’s disease, or adrenal insufficiency, is usually an autoimmune disease, resulting from a faulty immune response. Furthermore, other causes include infections and steroid use. Additionally, certain genetic factors can also increase the risk.
Addison’s disease disrupts the production of aldosterone and cortisol, which can lead to severe complications. Consequently, the adrenal glands are situated just above each kidney. They produce hormones that affect organs and tissues throughout the body.
Moreover, the adrenal glands consist of two layers: the medulla, which is the interior layer, and the cortex, the outer layer. The medulla produces epinephrine-like hormones, while the cortex secretes corticosteroids.
As a result, damage to the cortex can disrupt the production of hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.
Causes of Addison's Disease
- Firstly, a faulty autoimmune response
- Secondly, genetic factors
- Next, injury to or bleeding in the adrenal or pituitary glands
- In addition, conditions such as cancer, tuberculosis (TB), and HIV
- Likewise, removal of the adrenal or pituitary glands
- Lastly, chronic steroid use
Symptoms of Addison’s Disease
Adrenal insufficiency can lead to a range of symptoms, including:- First, fatigue
- Second, mood changes
- Third, low blood pressure (hypotension)
- Finally, unexplained weight loss
Types of Addison's Disease
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
This condition results from direct injury to the adrenal cortex. This is the outer layer of the adrenal glands. Causes include:- Firstly, an autoimmune disease
- Secondly, infections such as TB, cytomegalovirus, and HIV
- Moreover, bleeding in the adrenal glands due to trauma, blood clotting, or other factors
- Furthermore, conditions such as hemochromatosis, cancer, and amyloidosis
- Likewise, conditions a person has from birth, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Lastly, the use of drugs that prevent the production of cortisol, including ketoconazole and etomidate
Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency
Indirectly, issues with the pituitary gland can cause Addison’s disease. Specifically, the pituitary gland produces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce other hormones. Issues with the pituitary glands can cause them to produce less ACTH. Consequently, the adrenal glands will also produce lower levels of hormones. Other causes of secondary adrenal insufficiency include:- First, pituitary tumors or infection
- Next, surgery to remove the pituitary gland
- In addition, bleeding in the pituitary gland
- Finally, genetic conditions that affect the pituitary gland
Autoimmune Conditions
The immune system defends the body from disease, toxins, and infection. In a person with an autoimmune condition, the immune system attacks and damages healthy tissues and organs.
For instance, in Addison’s disease, the immune system attacks cells of the adrenal glands, and they gradually stop working.
Moreover, people are more likely to develop autoimmune Addison’s disease if they already have one of the following autoimmune conditions:
- First, type 1 diabetes
- Second, problems with the thyroid or pituitary gland, including Grave’s disease
- Third, pernicious anemia
- Moreover, dermatitis herpetiformis
- Furthermore, myasthenia gravis
- lastly, Virgilio
Diagnosis of Addison’s Disease
To diagnose Addison’s disease, doctors consider the signs and symptoms as well as the person’s family history. Specifically, tests include blood and urine tests, a CT scan, and more. Notably, blood tests will look for low sodium, glucose, and cortisol levels, among other measures.
The symptoms of Addison’s disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, are often nonspecific. In other words, they overlap with symptoms of other conditions. As a result, this can make diagnosis a challenge.
To diagnose Addison’s disease, a doctor will:
- First, review the individual’s medical history
- Second, ask if any close relatives have an autoimmune disorder
- Next, ask about symptoms, when they began, and their effects on everyday life
- In addition, carry out a physical examination
- Finally, request tests, such as blood tests, urine tests, and a CT scan
Treatment of Addison’s Disease
There is currently no cure for Addison’s disease or adrenal insufficiency; however, treatments can help people manage the symptoms. Moreover, these options depend on the symptoms and severity of the condition.
In addition, doctors will also consider a person’s age and general health when determining the right treatment.
Specifically, hormone replacement therapy is a common form of treatment for adrenal insufficiency, which involves replacing the hormones that the adrenal glands no longer produce, including cortisol.
To replace cortisol, doctors will usually prescribe hydrocortisone as a pill several times per day. Furthermore, they may also recommend fludrocortisone to balance minerals in the body without aldosterone.
Consequently, many people will need to take these medications for life. Additionally, people who experience an adrenal crisis may receive treatment through an intravenous drip.
Furthermore, some people with primary adrenal insufficiency can benefit from certain diets, such as a high sodium diet. In particular, consuming additional calcium and vitamin D can support bone health in people taking corticosteroids.
Biospecimens
Bay Biosciences is, indeed a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.
Specifically, samples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.
Moreover, Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.
In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.
Additionally, all our human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.
In particular, critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.
Moreover, researchers find patient’s data extremely valuable and use it to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, and other therapeutic areas and diseases.
Specifically, Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples, including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.
For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC.
Furthermore, Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.
Therefore, please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.
Types of Biospecimens
Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:
- Firstly, Peripheral whole-blood
- Secondly, Amniotic fluid
- Third, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL)
- Moreover, Sputum
- Furthermore, Pleural effusion
- Next, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Also, Serum (sera)
- Likewise, Plasma
- In addition, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
- For example, Saliva
- Also, Buffy coat
- Moreover, Urine
- Furthermore, stool samples
- Next, Aqueous humor
- Likewise, Vitreous humor
- Lastly, Kidney stones (renal calculi)
- Finally, Other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer.
Moreover, we can also procure most human bio-specimens, furthermore; we offer special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.
In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, and PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols. Additionally, you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.
Furthermore, Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.
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