Atopic Dermatitis Samples for Research

Bay Biosciences provides high-quality, matched fresh frozen sera (serum),  plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) bio-fluids from patients diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Moreover, the sera (serum), plasma and PBMC bio-fluids are processed from atopic dermatitis patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.

In addition, the matched bio-fluids are collected from unique patients with atopic dermatitis and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, development and drug discovery.

 

Atopic Dermatitis Overview

In fact, atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammation of the skin, characterized by dry, itchy skin. Moreover, people often refer to atopic dermatitis as eczema, which refers to a broader group of skin conditions.

It results in itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin. Clear fluid may come from the affected areas, which often thickens over time.  “Dermatitis” refers to a condition of the skin and “atopic” relates to diseases caused by allergic reactions. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an atopic disease and is classified same as hay fever and asthma. 

While the condition may occur at any age, it typically starts in childhood, with changing severity over the years. In children under one year of age, much of the body may be affected. As children get older, the insides of the knees and elbows most commonly affect the areas.

 In adults, the hands and feet are most commonly affected.  Scratching the affected areas worsens the symptoms, and those affected have an increased risk of skin infections. Most atopic dermatitis patients develop hay fever or  hay fever or asthma. Currently no known cure for this common disease is available.

Types of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most severe and chronic type of eczema, like other eczema, atopic dermatitis (AD) disease also causes itching and redness. Following are other types of eczema:

  • Hand eczema
  • Contact dermatitis, which occurs only when the skin makes contact with certain substances
  • Dyshidrotic eczema, a blistering form of eczema that’s found only on the fingers, palms, and soles of the feet

Signs and Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis

Primary symptom of atopic dermatitis (AD) is dry, itchy skin that often turns into a red rash. During a flare, atopic dermatitis (AD) becomes a red, itchy rash. Many different physical and internal factors can trigger an eczema flare up. The resulting inflammation causes increased blood flow and the urge to itch.

Eczema flares are part of the agonizing itch-scratch cycle. It’s hard to fight the physical and psychological components that drive the itch-scratch cycle. Scratching feels good at the time but can lead to more inflammation and even skin infections.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) presents different symptoms in adults, children and infants depending on a patients age.

Following are the Signs and Symptoms in infants:

  • Rashes on the cheeks or scalp
  • Itchy, scaly, dry skin
  • Rashes that may bubble and weep clear fluid

Infants with these symptoms may have trouble sleeping due to itchy skin. Infants with AD may also develop skin infections from scratching.

Following are the Signs and Symptoms in children:

  • Rashes in the creases of the elbows, knees, or both
  • Scaly patches of skin at the site of the rash
  • Darkened or lightened skin spots
  • Thick, leathery skin
  • Extremely dry and scaly skin
  • Rashes on the neck and face, especially around the eyes

Symptoms in adults:

Adults who had AD as children may have discolored skin that is easily irritated. In adults, the hands and feet are most commonly affected

Causes of Atopic Dermatitis

Exact cause of atopic dermatitis (AD) is unknown. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is not a contagious disease, so you can’t give the rash to someone else. The cause of developing Atopic dermatitis (AD) is unknown, but believed to involve genetics, immune system dysfunction, environmental exposures, and difficulties with the permeability of the skin.

The basic understanding of atopic dermatitis (AD) is that inflammation results from the presence of too many inflammatory cells in the skin. There’s also evidence that people with atopic dermatitis (AD) have a compromised skin barrier compared to normal skin.

Following are the common causes of flare-ups and triggers of atopic dermatitis (AD):

  • Scratching the skin
  • Heat, hot weather
  • Hot showers or baths
  • Sweating
  • Cool, dry weather
  • Exposure to certain chemicals
  • Certain soaps, detergents, and cleaners
  • Frequently washing hands with soap
  • Synthetic and woolen fabrics
  • Physical irritants (dirt, sand, smoke)
  • Allergens (pollen, dander, dust)
  • Strenuous exercise
  • Stress

Diagnosis of Atopic Dermatitis

No lab test is needed to identify atopic dermatitis (eczema). Your doctor will likely make a diagnosis by examining your skin and reviewing your medical history. He or she may also use patch testing or other tests to rule out other skin diseases or identify conditions that accompany your eczema. If you suspect a certain food caused your child’s rash, tell the doctor and ask about identifying potential food allergies.

Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis can be persistent disease which doesn’t go away easily. Various treatments may be used for a long time, maybe over months or years to control it. And even if treatment is successful, signs and symptoms may return and flare up again under certain conditions.

Following treatments may  be used to treat Atopic dermatitis:

Medications

  • Creams that control itching and help repair the skin: Corticosteroid cream or ointments may be used to control atopic dermatitis. Usually applied directly on the affected area as directed. Overuse of this drug may cause problems and side effects, including thinning skin. Other creams containing drugs called calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus (Elidel)  affect your immune system. They are used by people older than age 2 to help control the skin reaction.These drugs have a black box warning about a potential risk of cancer. But the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology has concluded that the risk-to-benefit ratios of topical pimecrolimus and tacrolimus are similar to those of most other conventional treatments of persistent eczema and that the data don’t support the use of the black box warning.
  • Drugs to fight infection: Your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic cream if your skin has a bacterial infection, an open sore or cracks. Antibiotic cream may recommend, taking oral antibiotics for a short time to treat an infection.
  • Oral drugs that control inflammation: For more-severe cases, oral corticosteroids may be prescribed  such as prednisone. These drugs are effective but can’t be used long term because of potential serious side effects.
  • Newer option for severe eczema: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved a new, injectable biologic (monoclonal antibody) called dupilumab (Dupixent). It is used to treat patients with severe disease who do not respond well to other treatment options. This is a newer medication, so it doesn’t have a long track record in terms of how well it helps people. Studies have shown it to be safe if used as directed. It is very expensive drug.

Therapies

  • Wet dressings: An effective, intensive treatment for severe atopic dermatitis involves wrapping the affected area with topical corticosteroids and wet bandages. Sometimes hospitals perform this for patients with widespread lesions because it’s labor intensive and requires nursing expertise.
  • Light therapy: This treatment is used for patients who either don’t get better with topical treatments or who rapidly flare again after treatment. The simplest form of light therapy (phototherapy) involves exposing the skin to controlled amounts of natural sunlight. Other forms use artificial ultraviolet A (UV-A) and narrow band ultraviolet B (UV-B) either alone or with medications. Though effective, long-term light therapy has harmful effects, including premature skin aging and an increased risk of skin cancer. For these reasons, practitioners use phototherapy less commonly in young children and do not give it to infants.
  • Counseling: Talking with a therapist or other counselor may help people who are embarrassed or frustrated by their skin disease.
  • Relaxation, behavior modification and biofeedback: These approaches may help people who scratch habitually.

Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences is, indeed a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Specifically, aamples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Moreover, Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.

Additionally, all our human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

In particular, critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Moreover, researchers find patient’s data extremely valuable and use it to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, and other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Specifically, Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples, including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Therefore, please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

  • Firstly, Peripheral whole-blood
  • Secondly, Amniotic fluid
  • Third, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL)
  • Moreover, Sputum
  • Furthermore, Pleural effusion
  • Next, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
  • Also, Serum (sera)
  • Likewise, Plasma
  • In addition, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
  • For example, Saliva
  • Also, Buffy coat
  • Moreover, Urine
  • Furthermore, stool samples
  • Next, Aqueous humor
  • Likewise, Vitreous humor
  • Lastly, Kidney stones (renal calculi)
  • Finally, Other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer.

Moreover, we can also procure most human bio-specimens, furthermore; we offer special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, and PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols. Additionally you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.

 

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