Back Pain Overview
Back pain is one of the most common problem which affect people at some point during our lives and it is a leading cause of disability worldwide.
Back pain often develops without a cause, doctors can identify the reason with a test or an imaging study. Back pain can range from a muscle aching to a shooting, burning or stabbing sensation. In addition, the pain may radiate down your leg or worsen with bending, twisting, lifting, standing or walking.
Most acute low back pain results from injury to the muscles, ligaments, joints, or discs. The body also reacts to injury by mobilizing an inflammatory healing response. While inflammation sounds minor, it can cause severe pain.
There is a significant overlap of nerve supply to many of the discs, muscles, ligaments, and other spinal structures, and it can be difficult for the brain to accurately sense which is the cause of the pain.
Causes of Back Pain
The single most common cause of lower back pain is a torn or pulled muscle and/or ligament. Following are some of the common conditions linked to back pain:
Muscle Strain and Ligament Sprain
A lower back sprain or strain can happen suddenly, or can develop slowly over time from repetitive movements. Strains occur when a muscle is stretched too far and tears, damaging the muscle itself.
Sprains happen when over-stretching and tearing affects ligaments, which connect the bones together.
Common causes of sprain and strain include:
- Lifting a heavy object, or twisting the spine while lifting
- Sudden movements that place too much stress on the low back, such as a fall
- Poor posture over time
- Sports injuries, especially in sports that involve twisting or large forces of impact
Other causes of Chronic Lower Back Pain
Pain is considered chronic once it lasts for more than three months and exceeds the body’s natural healing process. Chronic pain in the low back often involves a disc problem, a joint problem, and an irritated nerve root.
Following are the common causes of lower back pain:
- Compression fracture
- Deformity
- Degenerative disc disease
- Facet joint dysfunction
- Lumbar herniated disc
- Osteoarthritis
- Sacroiliac joint dysfunction
- Spinal stenosis
- Spondylolisthesis
- Trauma
Signs and Symptoms of Back Pain
Back pain can have many symptoms, following are some of the common signs and symptoms of back pain:
- Decrease range of movement and motion
- Reduced ability to flex the back without pain
- Stabbing or shooting pain that may radiate down the leg and to the food
- Pain and aching sensation in the lower back
- Being not able to stand up straight
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