Bay Biosciences provides tumor tissue specimens with matched serum, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s) samples from castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients.

In addition detailed clinical data, biomarker information including PSA, DRE, pathology annotations, Gleason score and patients history associated with the CRPC samples is provided to a valued customer for drug discovery, development and research. 

Prostate Cancer Overview

Cancer begins when healthy cells in the prostate change and grow out of control, forming a tumor. Additionally, a tumor can be cancerous or benign. Specifically, a cancerous tumor is malignant, meaning it can grow and spread to other parts of the body. Conversely, a benign tumor means the tumor can grow but will not spread.

Furthermore, prostate cancer is somewhat unusual when compared with other types of cancer. This is because many prostate tumors do not spread quickly to other parts of the body. In fact, some prostate cancers grow very slowly and may not cause symptoms or problems for years or ever.

Moreover, even when prostate cancer spreads to other parts of the body, doctors often can manage it for a long time, allowing men, even with advanced prostate cancer, to live with good health and quality of life for many years.

However, if the cancer cannot be well controlled with existing treatments, it can cause symptoms like pain and fatigue and can sometimes lead to death. Therefore, an important part of managing prostate cancer is monitoring it for growth over time, in order to find out if it is growing slowly or quickly.

Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC)

Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) is a type of advanced prostate cancer that keeps growing or spreading even when the amount of testosterone levels in the body is reduced to very low levels from hormone therapy. In contrast, many early-stage prostate cancers need normal levels of testosterone to grow, whereas castrate-resistant prostate cancer does not.

Hormone therapy, also known as testosterone depleting therapy or androgen deprivation treatment (ADT), lowers your natural testosterone level. Specifically, doctors administer it through medicine or surgery to most men with prostate cancer to stop the testosterone that fuels the growth of prostate cancer.

This fuel includes male hormones or androgens like testosterone. Typically, hormone therapy stops prostate cancer from growing, at least for some time. However, if the cancer cells begin to outsmart hormone treatment, they can grow even without testosterone. Consequently, if this happens, doctors consider the prostate cancer CRPC.

Castration-Resistant Prostate cancer may or may not have any symptoms. Moreover, CRPC symptoms depend on the size of new growth and where the cancer has spread in the body.

For instance, with advanced CRPC disease, without treatment, patients may have problems passing urine or see blood in the urine. Additionally, some CRPC patients may feel tired, weak, or lose weight. Furthermore, When prostate cancer spreads to bones, patient may have bone pain.

Signs and Symptoms Prostate Cancer

Following are the signs and symptoms of prostate cancer may include:

  • Firstly, frequent urination
  • Secondly, weak or interrupted urine flow or the need to strain to empty the bladder
  • Thirdly, the urge to urinate frequently at night
  • Moreover, blood in the urine
  • Furthermore, blood in the seminal fluid
  • In addition, new onset of erectile dysfunction
  • Likewise, pain or burning during urination
  • Finally, discomfort or pain when sitting, usually caused by an enlarged prostate

Other noncancerous conditions of the prostate, such as BPH or an enlarged prostate, can cause similar symptoms. Alternatively, a different medical condition that is also not related to cancer may cause a symptom. Furthermore, urinary symptoms can also result from an infection of the bladder or other medical conditions.

If cancer has spread outside of the prostate gland, then the patient may experience the following symptoms:

 

Risk Factors Prostate Cancer

The following factors may raise a man’s risk of developing prostate cancer:

  • Firstly, Age: The risk of prostate cancer increases with age, especially after age 50. In fact, more than 80% of doctors diagnose prostate cancers in people who are 65 or older.
  • Secondly, Race: Doctors diagnose African American men in the United States, and other men of African ancestry, with prostate cancer more than men of other races. **Consequently**, Black men are more likely to die from prostate cancer than white men.
  • Additionally, Family History: Familial prostate cancer, which runs in a family, makes up about 20% of all prostate cancers. Specifically, this type of prostate cancer arises from a combination of shared genes and shared environmental or lifestyle factors.
  • Moreover, Genetics: Genes that may carry an increased risk of developing prostate cancer include HPC1, HPC2, HPCX, CAPB, ATM, FANCA, HOXB13, and mismatch repair genes.
  • Finally, Diet: Obesity is associated with many cancers, including prostate cancer.

Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

In addition to a physical examination following tests may be used to diagnose prostate cancer:

  • PSA Test: PSA is a type of protein released by prostate tissue that is found in higher levels in a man’s blood. Consequently, levels can be raised when there is abnormal activity in the prostate, including prostate cancer, BPH, or inflammation of the prostate.
  •  Free PSA Test: Free PSA is found in the bloodstream and is not bound to proteins. In addition, a standard PSA test measures total PSA, which includes both PSA that is and is not bound to proteins. Moreover, the free PSA test measures the ratio of free PSA to total PSA. Knowing this ratio can sometimes help find out if an elevated PSA level is more likely to be caused by a malignant condition like prostate cancer.
  • Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Specifically, doctors perform the digital rectal exam (DRE) to find abnormal parts (cancer) of the prostate by feeling the size of your prostate gland. Biomarker Tests:
  • Furthermore, biomarker tests for prostate cancer include the 4Kscore, which predicts the chances that a person will develop high-risk prostate cancer, and the Prostate Health Index (PHI), which predicts the chances that a person will develop prostate cancer.

Additional Tests

If the PSA or DRE test results are abnormal, then doctors will use further tests to make a diagnosis of cancer. In addition, many tests can suggest that cancer is present, but **ultimately**, only a biopsy can make a definite diagnosis.

  • Firstly, Prostate Biopsy: To get a tissue sample, a surgeon most often uses transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and a biopsy tool to take very small slivers of prostate tissue. Moreover, surgeons will take biopsy specimens from several areas of the prostate to get multiple tissue samples. **This is done** to make sure that a good sample is taken for examination.
  • Secondly, MRI Fusion Biopsy: An MRI fusion biopsy combines an MRI scan with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS); consequently, areas that are more likely to be cancerous can be better identified by an MRI fusion biopsy than by other methods.
  • Furthermore, PCA3 Test: The Prostate CAncer gene 3 (PCA3) assay looks for the PCA3 gene in urine. In contrast, unlike PSA, which can be found in anyone with a prostate, the PCA3 gene is greatly expressed in those with prostate cancer.
  • Finally, Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS): A probe is inserted into the rectum by a doctor that takes a picture of the prostate using sound waves that bounce off the prostate. Transrectal ultrasound procedure is usually done at the same time as a biopsy.

Biospecimens

biospecimens

Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Moreover, human biospecimens are available including tumor tissue, serum, plasma and PBMC samples from most other therapeutic areas.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and likewise normal healthy donors for controls. Additionally, available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples, human biofluids such as serum samples, plasma samples from various diseases and matched controls.

Also, all our human tissue collections, human biospecimens and human biofluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

In fact, this critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Additionally, researchers find the patient’s data associated with the human biospecimens extremely valuable and use it to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, as well as in other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and human biological samples, including fresh frozen human biospecimens cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as human serum, human plasma and human PBMCs.

Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) and human biofluids from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

Moreover, we can also procure most human biospecimens and human biofluids, special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples and human biofluids are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human biofluids such as  human plasma, human serum, and human PBMCs bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols; you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.

Bay Biosciences also provides human biospecimens from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, Contact us Now.