Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade serum (sera), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid samples from treatment-naive patients newly diagnosed with Celiac Disease who are eating normal diet. Samples processed under customized protocols provided by the customer. The serum (sera), plasma and PBMC biofluid samples are processed from Celiac disease patient’s fresh whole-blood from unique untreated patients diagnosed with Celiac disease.
Detailed clinical data, histology, pathology annotations including patient’s corresponding diagnostic test values associated with the Celiac disease serum (sera), plasma and PBMC biofluid samples, Human Leukocyte Antigen- HLA typing DQ 2.5 positive, are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, development and discovery.
Celiac Disease Overview
Celiac disease is an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye. Celiac disease is a digestive autoimmune disorder caused by an abnormal immune reaction to gluten. Celiac disease is also known as sprue, nontropical sprue and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Celiac disease is estimated to affect 1 in 100 people worldwide.
In patients who have celiac disease, eating gluten triggers an immune response in the small intestine. Over time, this reaction damages the small intestine’s lining and prevents it from absorbing nutrients (malabsorption). The intestinal damage often causes diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, bloating and anemia, and can lead to serious complications. In children, malabsorption can affect growth and development, besides causing the symptoms seen in adults. There’s no cure for celiac disease, but for most patients, following a strict gluten-free diet can help manage symptoms and promote intestinal healing over time.
Gluten is a protein found in foods made with wheat, barley, rye, and triticale. It is also found in oats that have been made in processing plants that handle other grains. Gluten can even be found in some medicines, vitamins, and lipsticks. Gluten intolerance, also known as gluten sensitivity, is characterized by the body’s inability to digest or break down gluten. Some people with gluten intolerance have a mild sensitivity to gluten, while others have celiac disease which is an autoimmune disorder.
In celiac disease, the immune response to gluten creates toxins that destroy the villi. The Villi are tiny finger-like protrusions inside the small intestines. When the villi become damaged, the body is unable to absorb nutrients from food. This can lead to malnutrition and other serious health complications, including permanent intestinal damage.
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), about 1 in 141 Americans has celiac disease, and many people don’t know that they have Celiac disease. People with celiac disease need to eliminate all forms of gluten from their diet. This includes most bread products, baked goods, beer, and foods where gluten may be used as a stabilizing ingredient.
Signs and Symptoms of Celiac Disease
The signs and symptoms of celiac disease can vary greatly and differ in children and adults. Following are the common digestive system signs and symptoms for adults with Celiac disease:
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Bloating and gas
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Constipation
However, more than half the adults with celiac disease have signs and symptoms unrelated to the digestive system, which include the following:
- Anemia, usually from iron deficiency
- Loss of bone density (osteoporosis) or softening of bone (osteomalacia)
- Itchy, blistery skin rash (dermatitis herpetiformis)
- Mouth ulcers
- Headaches
- Fatigue
- Nervous system injury, including numbness and tingling in the feet and hands, possible problems with balance, and cognitive impairment
- Joint pain
- Reduced functioning of the spleen (hyposplenism)
Children
Children with celiac disease are more likely than adults to have digestive system problems, including the following:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Chronic diarrhea
- Swollen belly
- Constipation
- Gas
- Pale, foul-smelling stools
The inability to absorb nutrients may result in the following conditions:
- Failure to thrive for infants
- Damage to tooth enamel
- Weight loss
- Anemia
- Irritability
- Short stature
- Delayed puberty
- Neurological symptoms, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disabilities, headaches, lack of muscle coordination and seizures.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Gluten intolerance can cause this itchy, blistering skin disease. The rash usually occurs on the elbows, knees, torso, scalp and buttocks. This condition is often associated with changes to the lining of the small intestine identical to those of celiac disease, but the skin condition might not cause digestive symptoms. Dermatitis herpetiformis is treated with a gluten-free diet or medication, or both, to control the rash.
Causes of Celiac Disease
Genes combined with eating foods with gluten and other factors can contribute to celiac disease, but the precise cause of developing Celiac disease is unknown. Infant-feeding practices, gastrointestinal infections and gut bacteria might contribute, as well. Sometimes celiac disease becomes active after surgery, pregnancy, childbirth, viral infection or severe emotional stress.
When the body’s immune system overreacts to gluten in food, the reaction damages the tiny, hair like projections (villi) that line the small intestine. Villi absorb vitamins, minerals and other nutrients from the food you eat. If your villi are damaged, you can’t get enough nutrients, no matter how much you eat.
Risk Factors of Celiac Disease
Celiac disease tends to be more common in people who have:
- A family member with celiac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis
- Type 1 diabetes
- Down syndrome or Turner syndrome
- Autoimmune thyroid disease
- Microscopic colitis (lymphocytic or collagenous colitis)
- Addison’s disease
Complications of Celiac Disease
Untreated Celiac disease can cause the following problems and conditions:
- Malnutrition: This occurs if your small intestine cannot absorb enough nutrients. Malnutrition can lead to anemia and weight loss. In children, malnutrition can cause slow growth and short stature.
- Bone Weakening: Malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D can lead to a softening of the bone (osteomalacia or rickets) in children and a loss of bone density (osteopenia or osteoporosis) in adults.
- Infertility and Miscarriage. Malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D can contribute to reproductive health problems.
- Lactose Intolerance: Damage to the small intestine might cause you abdominal pain and diarrhea after eating or drinking dairy products that contain lactose. Once the intestine has healed, you might be able to tolerate dairy products again.
- Cancer: Patients with celiac disease who don’t maintain a gluten-free diet have a greater risk of developing several forms of cancer, including intestinal lymphoma and small bowel cancer.
- Nervous system problems: Some patients with celiac disease can develop problems such as seizures or a disease of the nerves to the hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy).
Nonresponsive celiac disease
Some patients with celiac disease don’t respond to what they consider to be a gluten-free diet. Nonresponsive celiac disease is often due to contamination of the diet with gluten.
Patients with nonresponsive celiac disease might also develop the following conditions:
- Bacteria in the small intestine (bacterial overgrowth)
- Microscopic colitis
- Poor pancreas function (pancreatic insufficiency)
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
- Difficulty digesting sugar found in dairy products (lactose), table sugar (sucrose), or a type of sugar found in honey and fruits (fructose)
- Refractory celiac disease
Refractory Celiac Disease
In rare instances, the intestinal injury of celiac disease doesn’t respond to a strict gluten-free diet. This is known as refractory celiac disease. If you still have signs and symptoms after following a gluten-free diet for six months to one year, you might need further testing to look for other explanations for your symptoms.
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Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors; including peripheral whole-blood, amniotic fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), sputum, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum (sera), plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s), saliva, Buffy coat, urine, stool samples, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, kidney stones, renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis and other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer. We can also procure most human bio-specimens and can do special collections and requests of human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB approved clinical protocols and procedures.
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