Causes and Symptoms of Dizziness

Dizziness Overview

Dizziness is the feeling of being disoriented, lightheaded, woozy, or having a a sense of unsteadiness. It affects the sensory organs, specifically the eyes and ears, so it can sometimes cause fainting. 

Feeling dizzy can have many possible causes, which may relate to a person’s external environment, the medications they take, or an underlying condition.

Recurring dizziness or severe dizzy spells can significantly interfere with a person’s life. It rarely indicates a medical emergency, however. People can experience dizziness after:

• Spinning around quickly
• Engaging in high-intensity exercise
• Standing or sitting up too fast

Usually, people will be able to identify the cause of their dizziness. However, this symptom may occur unexpectedly or without any clear reason.

The causes of dizziness can range from temporary physical changes to more serious underlying medical conditions, some of which we will detail below.

Types of Dizziness

Dizziness can be classified into four main types: vertigo, disequilibrium, pre-syncope, or lightheadedness.

Dizziness isn’t a disease, but rather a symptom of various disorders. A dizzy spell doesn’t always indicate a life-threatening condition, but it can be unnerving. Dizziness can be associated with more serious conditions, such as a stroke or cardiovascular problems.

How Does Dizziness Feel?

Dizziness can occur when while moving, standing still or lying down. When you’re dizzy, you may feel:

• Faint
• Lightheaded
• Nausea
• Unsteady
• Woozy

Causes of Dizziness

A number of conditions can cause dizziness because balance involves several parts of the body. The brain gets input about movement and your body’s position from:

• Inner Ear
• Eyes
• Muscles
• Joints
• Skin

Inner ear disorders are frequently the cause of feeling dizzy. The most common causes include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Meniere’s syndrome and ear infections.

Common causes of dizziness include a migraine, medications, and alcohol. It can also be caused by a problem in the inner ear, where balance is regulated.

Other Causes

Other common cause of lightheadedness is orthostatic hypotension which is a sudden drop in blood pressure when you stand up from sitting on lying down.

Positional changes, especially quick ones, divert blood flow temporarily from the brain to the body. It is more likely that this will result in lightheadedness when a person is dehydrated or ill.

Dizziness is often a result of vertigo as well. The most common cause of vertigo and vertigo-related dizziness is benign positional vertigo (BPV). This causes short-term dizziness when someone changes positions quickly, such as sitting up in bed after lying down.

Some other possible causes of dizziness include:

• Sudden drop in blood pressure (hypotension)
• Heart muscle disease
• Decrease in blood volume
• Anxiety disorders
• Anemia (low iron)
• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• Ear Infections
• Dehydration
• Heat stroke
• Excessive exercise
• Motion sickness

In rare cases, dizziness could be caused by  multiple sclerosis disease, a stroke, a malignant tumor, or another brain disorders.

Signs and Symptoms of Dizziness

Treatment for vertigo and dizziness varies widely depending on the underlying cause. In most cases, home remedies and medical treatments can control the cause of dizziness. For example:

• Inner-ear issues may be managed with medications and at-home exercises that can help control balance.
• BPV can be resolved with maneuvers that can help alleviate symptoms. Surgery is an option for patients whose BPV is not otherwise controlled.
• Meniere’s disease is treated with a healthful low-salt diet, occasional injections, or ear surgery.
• Migraines are treated with medications and lifestyle changes, such as learning to identify and avoid migraine triggers.
• Medication and anxiety-reducing techniques can help with anxiety disorders.
• Drinking plenty of fluids can help when dizziness is caused by excessive exercise, heat, or dehydration.

Seeking Medical Help

Dizziness may indicate a more serious underlying medical condition when it occurs alongside symptoms such as:

• Chest pain
• Double vision
• Fever
• Headache
• Numbness
• Difficulty moving or controlling the arms or legs
• loss of consciousness
• Vomiting

Takeaway

Experiencing an episode of sudden or severe dizziness can be alarming. However, the dizziness usually resolves on its own and does not require emergency medical attention.

Dizziness is a nonspecific symptom that can indicate an underlying medical condition, such as anxiety, stress, or low blood sugar.

People should speak with their healthcare provider if they experience severe or recurring dizziness.

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