Samples for Research

Bay Biosciences provides high-quality, matched fresh frozen sera (serum),  plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) bio-fluids from patients diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Moreover, the sera (serum), plasma and PBMC bio-fluids are processed from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.

In addition, the matched bio-fluids are collected from unique patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, development and drug discovery.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Overview

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4, is a member of the herpes virus family. It is one of the most common human viruses. EBV is found all over the world. Most people get infected  with EBV at some point in their lives without even knowing it.. EBV spreads most commonly through bodily fluids, primarily saliva. EBV can cause infectious mononucleosis, also called mono, and other illnesses. However, experts are researching potential links between EBV and other conditions, including cancer and autoimmune diseases. Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the cause of infectious mononucleosis, has been associated with subsequent development of systemic lupus erythematosus and other chronic autoimmune diseases, but the mechanisms behind this association have been unclear. A novel computational method shows that a viral protein found in EBV-infected human cells may activate genes associated with increased risk for autoimmunity.

Childhood Infections

Many people become infected with EBV in childhood. EBV infection in children usually do not cause symptoms, or the symptoms are not distinguishable from other mild, brief childhood illnesses. People who get symptoms from EBV infection, usually teenagers or adults, get better in two to four weeks.

However, some people may feel fatigued for several weeks or even months. After you get an EBV infection, the virus becomes latent (inactive) in your body. In some cases, the virus may reactivate. This does not always cause symptoms, but patients with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop symptoms if EBV reactivates. . 

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) spreads most commonly through bodily fluids, especially saliva. However, EBV can also spread through blood and semen during sexual contact, blood transfusions, and organ transplantations. EBV can be spread by using objects, such as a toothbrush or drinking glass, that an infected person recently used.

The virus probably survives on an object at least as long as the object remains moist. The first time you get infected with EBV (primary EBV infection) you can spread the virus for weeks and even before you have symptoms. Once the virus is in your body, it stays there in a latent (inactive) state. If the virus reactivates, you can potentially spread EBV  infection to others no matter how much time has passed since the initial infection. 

Once you’ve been infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the virus remains inactive within your body for the rest of your life. This is called latency. In some cases, the virus can reactivate. But this usually doesn’t cause any symptoms. However, reactivated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may cause symptoms similar to those of an initial EBV infection in people who have a weakened immune system.

Signs and Symptoms of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Following are the common signs and symptoms of Epstein Barr-Virus (EBV):

  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Headaches
  • Sore throat
  • Lack of appetite
  • Swollen glands in the neck
  • Swollen lymph nodes in your neck or under your arms
  • Swollen tonsils
  • Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)
  • Skin rash
  • Weakness and sore muscles

Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Diagnosing Epstein Barr-Virus (EBV) infection can be challenging because the symptoms are similar to other illnesses. Epstein Barr-Virus (EBV) infection confirms with a blood test that detects antibodies.

About nine out of ten of adults have antibodies that show that they have a current or past EBV infection. 

Healthcare professionals often diagnose potential EBV infections without any testing. However, blood tests can detect the presence of antibodies associated with EBV; one of these tests is known as the monospot test. Moreover, experts do not consider the monospot test very accurate.

In addition to the monospot test, following are other blood tests for more specific antibodies to Epstein Barr-Virus (EBV):

  • Viral capsid antigen (VCA): Antibodies to VCA appear early in the infection. One type (anti-VCA IgM) disappears after several weeks while another (anti-VCA IgG) persists for life.
  • Early antigen (EA): Antibodies to EA appear during an active infection. They typically become undetectable after several months, although they may persist for longer in some people.
  • EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA): In the months following infection, the body slowly produces antibodies to EBNA and they can be detected throughout a person’s life.

Spread of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Epstein Barr-Virus (EBV) spreads from person to person through bodily fluids, particularly saliva. This is why people also know mononucleosis, one of the most well-known Epstein Barr-Virus (EBV) infections, as the “kissing disease.” 

But you can also get the virus by sharing personal items, such as toothbrushes or eating utensils, with someone who has an active Epstein Barr-Virus (EBV) infection.

EBV can also spread through blood and semen. EBV can spread to others as soon as you contract it. This means you can pass it on to others before you even start to have symptoms of an active infection. You’ll be able to pass EBV on to others as long as the virus is active, which could mean weeks or even months. Once the virus becomes inactive, you can no longer spread it to others, unless it reactivates.

Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences is, indeed a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Specifically, aamples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Moreover, Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.

Additionally, all our human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

In particular, critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Moreover, researchers find patient’s data extremely valuable and use it to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, and other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Specifically, Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples, including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Therefore, please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

  • Firstly, Peripheral whole-blood
  • Secondly, Amniotic fluid
  • Third, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL)
  • Moreover, Sputum
  • Furthermore, Pleural effusion
  • Next, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
  • Also, Serum (sera)
  • Likewise, Plasma
  • In addition, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
  • For example, Saliva
  • Also, Buffy coat
  • Moreover, Urine
  • Furthermore, stool samples
  • Next, Aqueous humor
  • Likewise, Vitreous humor
  • Lastly, Kidney stones (renal calculi)
  • Finally, Other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer.

Moreover, we can also procure most human bio-specimens, furthermore; we offer special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, and PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols. Additionally you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.

 

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