Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade, fresh frozen biopsy tissue bio-specimens, cryogenically preserved sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid samples from patients diagnosed with hidradenitis suppurativa disease.
The sera (serum), plasma and PBMC biofluid specimens are processed from hidradenitis suppurativa patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols. The hidradenitis suppurativa fresh frozen biopsy tissue and matched biofluid samples are collected from unique patients diagnosed with hidradenitis suppurativa disease and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, diagnostics, discovery and drug development.
Detailed clinical data, hidradenitis suppurativa patients history, symptoms, complete blood count (CBC), serology, MRI, biopsy histopathology information, elevated biomarker levels, genetic and metabolic information associated with hidradenitis suppurativa specimens is provided to a valued customer for research, development and drug discovery.
The hidradenitis suppurativa sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid are processed from patients peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa Overview
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects apocrine gland-bearing skin in the axillae, groin, and under the breasts. Hidradenitis suppurativa is also known as acne inversa, It is characterized by persistent or recurrent boil-like nodules and abscesses that culminate in a purulent discharge, sinuses, and scarring. Hidradenitis suppurativa has a significant psychological impact, and many patients suffer from anxiety, depression and impairment of body image. Hidradenitis suppurativa tends to start after puberty. It can persist for many years and worsen over time, with serious effects on your daily life and emotional well-being. Hidradenitis suppurativa is most active between the ages of 20 and 40 years, and in women can resolve at menopause. It is three times more common in females than in males.
Hidradenitis suppurativa disease usually to start with a firm pea-sized lump that develops in one place. This will either disappear or rupture and ooze pus after a few hours or days. New lumps will then often develop in an area nearby. If these are not controlled with medicine, larger lumps may develop and spread. Narrow channels called sinus tracts also form under the skin that break out on the surface and leak pus. Hidradenitis suppurativa is very painful disease.
The lumps develop on the skin in the following areas:
- Around the groin and genitals
- In the armpits
- On the bottom and around the anus
- Below the breasts
The abscesses may also spread to the nape of the neck, waistband and inner thighs. Other isolated areas that have been known to be affected include the front or back of the legs, the sides, the back area and the face. Some of the lumps may become infected with bacteria, causing a secondary infection that will need to be treated with antibiotics. Many people with hidradenitis suppurativa also develop a pilonidal sinus, which is a small hole or “tunnel” in the skin.
Causes of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Exact cause of hidradenitis suppurativa is unknown, but the lumps develop as a result of blocked hair follicles. Smoking and obesity are both strongly associated with hidradenitis suppurativa, and if you’re obese and/or smoke it will make your symptoms worse. Hidradenitis suppurativa usually starts around puberty, but it can occur at any age. It’s less common before puberty and after the menopause, which may suggest that the sex hormones play a part. Many people with the condition also have acne and excessive hair growth (hirsutism).
In rare cases, hidradenitis suppurativa may be linked to Crohn’s disease, particularly if it develops around the groin area and the skin near the anus. Crohn’s disease is a long-term condition that causes the lining of the digestive system to become inflamed. Hidradenitis suppurativa runs in families in about a third of all cases. It’s not infectious and is not linked to poor hygiene.
Experts think it could be connected to hormones, inherited genes and immune system problems. Smoking, excess weight and metabolic syndrome also might play a role. Hidradenitis suppurativa is not caused by an infection or being unclean, and it can’t be spread to other people.
Signs and Symptoms of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Following are the signs and symptoms of Hidradenitis suppurativa, it can affect one spot or multiple areas of the body:
- Blackheads: Small pitted areas of skin containing blackheads often appearing in pairs or a “double-barreled” pattern are a common feature of Hidradenitis suppurativa.
- Painful pea-sized lumps: The condition usually starts with a single, painful lump under the skin that persists for weeks or months. Later more bumps form. They usually appear in areas with hair follicles with many oil and sweat glands, such as the armpits, groin and anal area. They also occur where skin rubs together, such as the inner thighs, breast and buttocks.
- Tunnels: Over time, tracts connecting the lumps may form under the skin. These wounds heal very slowly, if at all, and can leak pus, which may have an odor.
Some patients with this condition experience only mild symptoms. Excess weight, stress, hormonal changes, heat or humidity may worsen symptoms. In women, the disease severity may lessen after menopause.
Hidradenitis suppurativa is characterized clinically by:
- Open double-headed comedones
- Painful firm papules and nodules
- Pustules, fluctuant pseudocysts, and abscesses
- Draining sinuses linking inflammatory lesions
- Hypertrophic and atrophic scars
Complications of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Following are the complications of hidradenitis suppurativa:
- Psychological effects and negative impact on quality-of-life
- Pyogenic granuloma
- Lymphoedema (female genital)
- Squamous cell carcinoma (male anogenital)
- Anemia of chronic disease
Diagnosis of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
The diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa requires all three components of the following to be met:
- Characteristic lesions
- Typical distribution
- Presence and recurrence of lesions.
Swabs for bacteriology are typically negative, which is a clue to diagnosis. Extensive investigations are rarely required. Investigations may be indicated to exclude a differential diagnosis, for possible complications, to identify comorbidities, or for planned treatment.
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