Human Lymphatic System Function Overview
The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials.
The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the human body.
The lymphatic system is part of the immune system. It also maintains fluid balance and plays a role in absorbing fats and fat-soluble nutrients.
According to Johns Hopkins Medicine there are about 600 lymph nodes in the body. These nodes swell in response to infection, due to a build-up of lymph fluid, bacteria, or other organisms and immune system cells.
The lymphatic system primarily consists of lymphatic vessels, which are similar to the veins and capillaries of the body’s circulatory system.
The vessels are connected to lymph nodes, where the lymph fluid is filtered. The tonsils and adenoids, spleen and thymus gland are part of the human body’s lymphatic system.
Description of the Human Lymphatic System
There are hundreds of lymph nodes in the human body. They are located deep inside the body, such as around the lungs and heart, or closer to the surface, such as under the arms or groin.
The lymph nodes are found from the head to around the knee area.
According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine the spleen is located on the left side of the body just above the kidney, is the largest lymphatic organ.
The spleen works like a blood filter; it controls the amount of red blood cells and blood storage in the body, and helps to fight infection.
The Spleen
When the spleen detects viruses or potentially dangerous bacteria, and other microorganisms in the blood, it creates white blood cells known as lymphocytes, which act as defenders against invaders.
Lymphocytes
The lymphocytes produce antibodies to kill the foreign microorganisms and stop infections from spreading into the body.
Humans can live without a spleen, although people who have lost their spleen to disease or injury are more prone to infections.
Thymus Gland
The thymus gland is a small organ located in the chest just above the heart which stores immature lymphocytes and prepares them to become active T-cells, which help destroy infected or cancerous cells.
Tonsils
Tonsils are large clusters of lymphatic cells found in the pharynx, these are the body’s first line of defense as part of the immune system, which sample bacteria and viruses that enter the body through the mouth and the nose.
Sometimes tonsils become infected, and although tonsillectomies occur much less frequently, it is still among the most common surgical procedure performed in people who have frequent throat infections.
Plasma leaves the body’s cells once it has delivered its nutrients and removed debris. Most of this fluid returns to the venous circulation through tiny blood vessels known as venules and continues as venous blood. The remainder of this fluid becomes lymph is a clear and colorless fluid.
Unlike blood, which flows throughout the body in a continue loop, lymph flows in only one direction, which is upward towards the neck.
Lymphatic vessels connect to two subclavian veins, which are located on either sides of the neck near the collarbones, and the fluid re-enters the circulatory system.
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