Menopause Overview

The menopause is when a woman stops having a menstrual cycle (periods) and is no longer able to get pregnant naturally. 

Menstrual cycle (periods) usually start to become less frequent over a few months or years before they stop altogether. Sometimes they can stop suddenly.

The menopause is a natural part of ageing that usually occurs between 45 and 55 years of age, as a woman’s estrogen levels decline. Most women experience menopause at the age of 52.

Signs and Symptoms of Menopause

Following are common signs and symptoms in women patients going through the menopause:

  • Chills
  • Dry skin
  • Hot flashes
  • Sleep problems
  • Night sweats
  • Loss breast fullness
  • Thinning hair
  • Irregular periods
  • Vaginal dryness
  • Mood changes
  • Slowed metabolism
  • Weight gain

Causes of Menopause

Menopause is a natural biological process which marks the end of fertility. However menopause can result from the following:

  • Naturally declining reproductive hormones: As women age and approach late 30s, the ovaries start to making less estrogen and progesterone the hormones that regulate menstruation and the fertility declines.In the 40s, the menstrual cycles in women become longer or shorter, heavier or lighter, and more or less frequent. On average age around 51 the ovaries stop releasing eggs, and the menstrual cycle stops.
  • Surgical removal of the ovaries (oophorectomy): The ovaries produce hormones, including estrogen and progesterone, that regulate the menstrual cycle.Ovaries removed through a surgical procedure causes immediate menopause. The menstrual cycle (periods) stop, and patients are likely to have hot flashes and experience other signs and symptoms of menopause. These signs and symptoms may be severe, as hormonal changes occur suddenly rather than gradually over the period of several years.
  • Chemotherapy and radiation therapy: Cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy can also induce menopause. Causing symptoms such as hot flashes during or shortly after the course of treatment.
  • Ovarian insufficiency: Some women (around 1% ) experience menopause prematurely before age 40. Premature menopause may result from the failure of the ovaries to produce normal levels of reproductive hormones (primary ovarian insufficiency), which can stem from genetic factors or autoimmune disease.

Biospecimens

biospecimens

Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Moreover, human biospecimens are available including tumor tissue, serum, plasma and PBMC Samples from most other therapeutic areas.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and likewise normal healthy donors for controls. Additionally, available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples, human biofluids such as serum samples, plasma samples from various diseases and matched controls.

Also, all our human tissue collections, human biospecimens and human biofluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

In fact, this critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Additionally, researchers find the patient’s data associated with the human biospecimens extremely valuable and use it to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, as well as in other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and human biological samples, including fresh frozen human biospecimens cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as human serum, human plasma and human PBMCs.

Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) and human biofluids from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

Moreover, we can also procure most human biospecimens and human biofluids, special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples and human biofluids are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human biofluids such as  human plasma, human serum, and human PBMCs bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols. you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us in multiple format and sets.

Bay Biosciences also provides human biospecimens from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, Contact us Now.