Menopause Overview
The menopause is when a woman stops having a menstrual cycle (periods) and is no longer able to get pregnant naturally.
Menstrual cycle (periods) usually start to become less frequent over a few months or years before they stop altogether. Sometimes they can stop suddenly.
The menopause is a natural part of ageing that usually occurs between 45 and 55 years of age, as a woman’s estrogen levels decline. Most women experience menopause at the age of 52.
Signs and Symptoms of Menopause
Following are common signs and symptoms in women patients going through the menopause:
- Chills
- Dry skin
- Hot flashes
- Sleep problems
- Night sweats
- Loss breast fullness
- Thinning hair
- Irregular periods
- Vaginal dryness
- Mood changes
- Slowed metabolism
- Weight gain
Causes of Menopause
Menopause is a natural biological process which marks the end of fertility. However menopause can result from the following:
- Naturally declining reproductive hormones: As women age and approach late 30s, the ovaries start to making less estrogen and progesterone the hormones that regulate menstruation and the fertility declines.
In the 40s, the menstrual cycles in women become longer or shorter, heavier or lighter, and more or less frequent. On average age around 51 the ovaries stop releasing eggs, and the menstrual cycle stops.
- Surgical removal of the ovaries (oophorectomy): The ovaries produce hormones, including estrogen and progesterone, that regulate the menstrual cycle.
Ovaries removed through a surgical procedure causes immediate menopause. The menstrual cycle (periods) stop, and patients are likely to have hot flashes and experience other signs and symptoms of menopause. These signs and symptoms may be severe, as hormonal changes occur suddenly rather than gradually over the period of several years.
- Chemotherapy and radiation therapy: Cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy can also induce menopause. Causing symptoms such as hot flashes during or shortly after the course of treatment.
- Ovarian insufficiency: Some women (around 1% ) experience menopause prematurely before age 40. Premature menopause may result from the failure of the ovaries to produce normal levels of reproductive hormones (primary ovarian insufficiency), which can stem from genetic factors or autoimmune disease.
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens and human bio-fluid collections.
Samples available are cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma cancer PBMC and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.
Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own bio-repository, human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.
Our biobank procures and stores fully consented, deidentified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.
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This critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers and genetic information.
Patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, other therapeutic areas and diseases.
This clinical information is critical to demonstrate their impact, monitor the safety of medicines, testing & diagnostics, and generate new knowledge about the causes of disease and illness.
Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.
Including fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, FFPE’s, tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC’s.
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the researchers specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.
Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.
Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:
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- Other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer.
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In addition to the standard processing protocols Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols. You can buy donor specific sample collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquoting from us.
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