Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade fresh frozen gastric (stomach) cancer tumor tissue specimens, FFPE blocks with matching cryogenically preserved sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid samples to a valued pharmaceutical customer for reasearch, diagnostics, development and drug discover.
The sera (serum), plasma and PBMC biofluid samples are processed from patients whole blood using customized processing protocols. from unique Gastric cancer patients.
Gastric Cancer Overview
Gastric cancer, also called stomach cancer, starts in the stomach. Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can metastasize (spread) to other areas (organs) of the body.
According to the American Cancer Society’s estimates there will be around 26,560 new cases of stomach cancer (16,160 in men and 10,400 in women) in the United States and around 11,180 deaths will be caused by stomach cancer.
Stomach or gastric cancers usually develop slowly over many years, before it becomes full blown cancer, precancerous changes (dysplasia) often occur in the inner lining (mucosa) of the stomach. These early changes rarely cause signs and symptoms and therefore often go undetected for a long time.
Cancer starting in different sections of the stomach may cause different symptoms and tend to have different outcomes. The cancer’s location can also affect the treatment options, for example, cancers that start at the gastroesophageal junction are staged and treated the same as cancers of the esophagus. A cancer that starts in the cardia of the stomach but then grows into the gastroesophageal junction is also staged and treated like a cancer of the esophagus.
Stomach Function
As we have meals and the after food is chewed and swallowed in the mouth, it enters the esophagus, a tube that carries food through the throat and chest to the stomach. The esophagus joins the stomach at the gastroesophageal junction located just beneath the diaphragm which is the thin sheet of breathing muscle under the lungs. The stomach is an organ that holds and digest food that we eat. As soon as food enters the stomach, it releases gastric juices made up of digestive enzymes and gastric acid, which help in breaking down and digesting the food. Gastric juices secreted by the stomach are mixed with the food and then emptied into the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum.
Generally stomach is referred to the area of the body between the chest and the pelvic area, however clinically stomach is characterized as the abdomen which consists of many different parts for example the appendix, colon which is the large intestine, the small intestine, and other organs such as the spleen, liver, pancreas are located in the abdomen.
Cancers that occur in different parts or organs of the abdomen such as small intestine, colon, pancreas or the liver have different characteristics, symptoms, outlooks, treatments and outcomes.
The stomach looks like a sac and it consists of the following five different parts, three upper parts (proximal stomach) and two lower parts (distal stomach), each performing different functions:
- Cardia – This is the first part of the stomach connected to esophagus
- Fundus – This is the upper part of the stomach connected to the cardia
- Body (corpus) – This is the middle main part of the stomach located between the upper part of the stomach (fundus) and the lower part of the stomach (antrum)
- Antrum – This is the lower part of the stomach located near the small intestine. Food is mixed with the gastric juices in the antrum.
- Pylorus – This is the lower last part of the stomach which controls passing on emptying of the stomach contents into the small intestine
Proximal stomach consists of the first three parts of the stomach which are cardia, fundus and the body. Cells in the proximal stomach make acid and pepsin which is a digestive enzymes, these parts produce the gastric juices that help digest food. Proximal stomach also produces intrinsic factor, which is an important protein that the body requires to absorb vitamin B12 from the food we eat.
Distal stomach which consists of lower two parts, antrum and pylorus has two curves, which form its inner and outer borders. These are called the lesser curvature and greater curvature, respectively.
The stomach consists of the following five inner layers of the stomach wall:
- Mucosa – This is where stomach acid and digestive enzymes are made in this part of the stomach. Most stomach cancers start in the mucosa
- Submucosa – This is the supporting layer to mucosa
- Muscularis propria – This is the thick layer of muscle located outside of submucosa that moves and mixes the stomach contents
- Subserosa – This is a thin layer of tissue in the wall of the outer stomach
- Serosa – Gastric serosa is the outermost layer of the stomach wall
The above stomach layers are important in determining stomach or gastric cancers and in helping determine a patient’s prognosis (outlook). As the cancer cancer grows from the mucosa into deeper layers of the stomach, the stage becomes more advanced and the prognosis therefore is not as good.
Types of Gastric or Stomach Cancers
Adenocarcinoma
Most of the time stomach or gastric cancers diagnosed in patients are adenocarcinomas, account for about 90% to 95%. Stomach or gastric cancers develop from the cells that form in the mucosa which the innermost lining of the stomach.
Lymphoma
Lymphomas are cancers of the immune system tissue that are sometimes found in the wall of the stomach. The treatment and outlook depend on the type of lymphoma.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare and start in very early forms of cells in the wall of the stomach called interstitial cells of Cajal. Some of these tumors are non-cancerous (benign); others are cancerous. Although GISTs can be found anywhere in the digestive tract (GIT), most are found in the stomach.
Carcinoid tumor
Carcinoid tumors start in hormone-making cells of the stomach. Most of these tumors do not spread (metastasize) to other organs and parts of the body.
Other cancers
Other rare types of cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and leiomyosarcoma, can also develop in the stomach.
Gastric cancer or stomach cancer is a disease in which malignant cancer cells form in the lining of the stomach. Stomach cancer is more common in men than in women. Most patients diagnosed with stomach cancer are between their late 60s and 80s. Stomach cancers tend to develop slowly over many years. Before a true cancer develops, pre-cancerous changes often occur in the inner lining (mucosa) of the stomach. These early changes rarely cause symptoms and therefore often go undetected. Cancers starting in different sections of the stomach may cause different symptoms and tend to have different outcomes.
Most cancers of the stomach are adenocarcinomas, a stomach cancer or gastric cancer almost always is an adenocarcinoma. These cancers develop from the cells that form the innermost lining of the stomach (the mucosa).
Detailed clinical data, biomarker information including endoscopy, EGD cystoscopy, CT scan, endoscopic ultrasound, biopsy, pathology and serology annotations, patients history associated with th samples is provided to a valued customer for drug discovery, development and research. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), sera (serum) and plasma samples are processed using customized protocols provided by the researcher.
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens and human bio-fluid collections from cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer sera (serum), cancer plasma, cancer PBMC and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.
Bay Biosciences maintains and manages it’s own bio-repository, human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types. Our biobank procures and stores fully consented, deidentified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.
All our human human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed samples associated patient’s clinical data. This critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers and genetic information. Patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, other therapeutic areas and diseases. This clinical information is critical to demonstrate their impact, monitor the safety of medicines, testing & diagnostics, and generate new knowledge about the causes of disease and illness.
Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples including cryogenically preserved -80°C, fresh, fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, FFPE’s, tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC’s.
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the researchers specified requirements and customized, tailor made collection protocols. Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.
Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors; including peripheral whole-blood, amniotic fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), sputum, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum (sera), plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s), saliva, Buffy coat, urine, stool samples, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, kidney stones, renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis and other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer. We can also procure most human bio-specimens and can do special collections and requests of human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB approved clinical protocols and procedures.
In addition to the standard processing protocols Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols, you can buy donor specific sample collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquoting from us. Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors, volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.
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