What are Affects of Oxidative Stress on the Body?
What is Oxidative Stress?
Oxidative stress is an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants in the body that can lead to cell and tissue damage.
Furthermore, evidence suggests that long-term oxidative stress contributes to the development of a range of chronic conditions. In particular, such conditions include cancer, diabetes, and heart disease.
Oxidative stress can occur when the body has an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants.
Furthermore, the body’s cells produce free radicals during normal metabolic processes. However, cells also produce antioxidants that neutralize them. Typically, the body is able to maintain a balance between antioxidants and free radicals.
Additionally, the body’s natural immune response can also trigger oxidative stress temporarily. This type of oxidative stress causes mild inflammation that goes away after the immune system fights off an infection or repairs an injury.
Moreover, uncontrolled oxidative stress can accelerate the aging process and may contribute to the development of a number of conditions.
What are Free Radicals?
Free radicals, including reactive oxygen species, are molecules with one or more unpaired electrons. Moreover, cells contain small structures called mitochondria, which work to generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
In addition mitochondria combine oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. Consequently, free radicals arise as byproducts of this metabolic process.
What are Antioxidants?
Antioxidants are substances that neutralize or remove free radicals by donating an electron. Consequently, the neutralizing effect of antioxidants helps protect the body from oxidative stress. For instance, examples of antioxidants include vitamins A, C, and E.
Foods Rich in Antioxidants
Antioxidants are naturally occurring in whole foods, moreover with plant-based foods contributing significantly more antioxidants to the diet as compared to non-plant foods.
Therefore, you can create a diet rich in these beneficial nutrients by regularly including the following antioxidant-rich foods in your routine.
- Berries
- Citrus fruit
- Dark green vegetable
- Green Tea
- Whole grains and nuts
- Dark chocolate
- Red, orange and deep yellow vegetables
- Beans
Benefits of Antioxidants
Researchers are hard at work to fully understand the role of antioxidants in fighting oxidative stress and minimizing cell damage within the body.
Furthermore, it’s believed that a diet rich in antioxidants results in an increase in antioxidants in the blood. In addition, epidemiological prospective studies show that higher intakes of antioxidant-rich foods are associated with a lower risk of chronic oxidative stress-related diseases.
Types of Antioxidants
There are thousands of different substances that can act as antioxidants. Some well-known antioxidants include th following:
- Vitamin C
- Carotenoids: beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin
- Minerals: selenium, zinc and manganese
- Phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, gingerol, polyphenolic acid and curcumin
- Vitamin E
Effects of Oxidative Stress on the Body
One mechanism by which oxidative stress can harm the body is, in fact, through chronic inflammation and subsequent cell damage.
During oxidative stress, excess free radicals can also damage structures inside brain, furthermore they also alter essential proteins, such as amyloid-beta peptides. According to one 2018 systematic review, oxidative stress may modify these peptides in way that contributes to the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain. This consequently, is a key marker of Alzheimer’s disease.
Oxidative stress may play a role in the development of a range of the following diseases:
- Asthma
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and stroke
- Cancer
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- Diabetes
- Inflammatory disorders
- Male infertility
- Parkison’s Disease
Risk Factors for Oxidative Stress
Factors that may increase a person’s risk of long-term oxidative stress include th4e following:
Prevention of Oxidative Stress
It is important to remember that the body requires both free radicals and antioxidants. Having too many or too few of either may lead to health problems.
Lifestyle and dietary measures that may help reduce oxidative stress in the body include:
- Avoiding or reducing exposure to pollution and harsh chemicals
- Exercising regularly
- Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
- Limiting intake of processed foods, particularly those high in sugars and fats
- Maintaining a healthy body weight
- Quitting smoking
- Reducing stress
Summary
Oxidative stress is a state that occurs when there is an excess of free radicals in the body’s cells. Specifically, the body produces free radicals during normal metabolic processes.
Consequently, oxidative stress can damage cells, proteins, and DNA, contributing to aging. Moreover, it may also play a role in the development of a range of health conditions, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
Fortunately, the body naturally produces antioxidants to counteract these free radicals. In addition, a person’s diet is also an important source of antioxidants.
Therefore, making certain lifestyle and dietary changes may help reduce oxidative stress. For instance, these may include maintaining a healthy body weight, regularly exercising, and eating a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
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