Acute Respiratory Failure Samples for Research

Bay Biosciences provides high-quality, clinical grade, matched sera (serum), and EDTA plasma samples from unique sepsis patients with acute respiratory failure.

Our researchers process the sera (serum), and plasma bio-fluid specimens from acute respiratory failure patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.

Physiology of Respiratory System

The primary role of the respiratory system is to facilitate gas exchange, ensuring oxygen delivery to tissues and carbon dioxide removal. Moreover, this process depends on the proper functioning of several components:

  1. Firstly Ventilation: The physical movement of air into and out of the lungs, determined by respiratory muscle effort and airway patency.
  2. Secondly Diffusion: The exchange of gases between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries, driven by partial pressure gradients.
  3. Thirdly Perfusion: The blood flow through pulmonary capillaries, enabling gas exchange.

In particular, in acute respiratory failure (ARF), a disruption in one or more of these components impairs gas exchange:

  • For instance, Hypoxemic ARF: Defined as PaO₂ < 60 mmHg with normal or low PaCO₂, resulting from impaired oxygenation.
  • On the other hand, Hypercapnic ARF: Defined as PaCO₂ > 45 mmHg with acidemia, caused by inadequate ventilation.

Respiratory Failure

Respiratory failure is a condition where there’s not enough oxygen or too much carbon dioxide in your body. This condition is also known as acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF).

Specifically, it can happen all at once (acute) or come on over time (chronic). Moreover, many underlying conditions can cause it. Consequently, acute respiratory failure is life-threatening.

Respiratory failure happens when, consequently, the capillaries, or tiny blood vessels surrounding your air sacs, cannot properly exchange carbon dioxide and/or oxygen.

Acute Respiratory Failure Overview

Acute respiratory failure is a life-threatening condition where, consequently, the lungs can’t provide enough oxygen to the body or remove enough carbon dioxide. This, therefore, can happen suddenly due to various lung or other health issues.

As a result, it requires immediate medical attention.

Types of Acute Respiratory Failure

There are two types of acute and chronic respiratory failure:

  • Hypoxemic: Hypoxemic respiratory failure, or hypoxemia, occurs when you do not have enough oxygen in your blood.
  • Hypercapnic: Hypercapnic respiratory failure, or hypercapnia, happens when there is too much carbon dioxide in your blood.

Moreover, both conditions can trigger serious complications, and they often occur together.

Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Failure

Signs and symptoms of acute respiratory failure include dizziness, shortness of breath, confusion, drowsiness, and a bluish discoloration of your lips, skin, or extremities.

Moreover, it can be life threatening and therefore requires immediate medical care.

The symptoms of acute respiratory failure depend on its underlying cause. Furthermore, symptoms can also differ by the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood.

For instance, people with low oxygen may experience the following:

– A bluish coloration on lips, fingertips, or toes
– Drowsiness
– Difficulty performing routine activities, such as dressing or climbing stairs, due to extreme tiredness
– Shortness of breath

On the other hand, people with high carbon dioxide levels may experience:

– Blurred vision
– Confusion
– Headaches
– Rapid breathing (Tachycardia)

Causes of Chronic Respiratory Failure

CRF has multiple causes. Firstly, it can occur when the airways narrow or become damaged over time. Additionally, it can also occur with conditions that cause the respiratory muscles to weaken over time.

For instance, some causes of chronic respiratory failure include:

Causes of Acute Respiratory Failure

Acute respiratory failure has several causes:

Obstruction

When something lodges in your throat, you may have trouble getting enough oxygen into your lungs. Furthermore, obstruction can also occur in people with COPD or asthma when an exacerbation causes the airways to narrow.

Injury

An injury that impairs or compromises your respiratory system can negatively affect the amount of oxygen or carbon dioxide in your blood.

For instance, a spinal cord or brain injury can immediately affect your breathing. In addition, if the brain cannot relay messages to the lungs, the lungs may not function properly.

Moreover, rib or chest injuries can also affect your breathing.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious condition that causes fluid to build up in your lungs. It results in low oxygen in the blood. People who develop ARDS typically have an underlying health condition, such as:

  • Blood transfusions
  • Lung injuries related to inhaling smoke or chemical products
  • Near drowning
  • Pancreatitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Sepsis
  • Trauma to the head or chest

Drug or Alcohol Use

Experiencing a drug overdose or drinking too much alcohol can also impair brain function and hinder breathing. Furthermore, this impairment can lead to serious health consequences.

Chemical Inhalation

Inhaling toxic chemicals, smoke, or fumes can cause acute respiratory failure. Moreover, these chemicals may injure or damage lung tissue, including the air sacs and capillaries.

Stroke

A stroke happens when something disrupts blood flow to the brain. Consequently, strokes often affect only one side of the brain.

Although strokes present with some warning signs, such as slurred speech or confusion, they typically occur suddenly. As a result, if you have a stroke, you can lose the ability to breathe.

Infection

Infections can cause respiratory distress. For instance, pneumonia, in particular, may cause respiratory failure, even without ARDS.

Risk factors of Acute Respiratory Failure

You may be at risk for acute respiratory failure if you:

  • Have a compromised immune system
  • Moreover, smoke tobacco products
  • Furthermore drink alcohol excessively
  • Additionally, have a family history of respiratory disease or conditions
  • Likewsie, have an injury to the spine, brain, or chest
  • And have chronic respiratory conditions, such as lung cancer, COPD, or asthma

Complications of Acute Respiratory Failure

Because acute respiratory failure means your organs are not receiving the oxygen-rich blood they need to function, complications can involve multiple organ systems. Consequently, acute respiratory failure can often be fatal.

Furthermore, pulmonary complications, or those affecting the lungs, can include:

Other complications can include:

Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure

Acute respiratory failure requires immediate medical attention. Consequently, you may require supplemental oxygen to help you breathe and prevent organ damage.

When you’re in stable condition, a doctor may diagnose you by:

  • First, performing a physical exam
  • Next, asking questions about your personal or family health history
  • Then, checking your body’s oxygen and carbon dioxide levels with a pulse oximetry device and an arterial blood gas test
  • Finally, ordering a chest X-ray of your lungs

Treatment of Acute Respiratory Failure

Doctors must treat acute respiratory failure quickly; consequently, it can be life threatening. Emergency medical treatment can help you breathe and prevent further organ damage.

Once you’re in stable condition, a doctor can susequently, treat any underlying conditions causing your respiratory failure.

Depending on any underlying conditions, a doctor can treat you in multiple ways, including the following scenarios:

  • Firstly, if you’re in pain or having difficulty breathing, a doctor may prescribe pain medication or other medications to help you breathe better.
  • Secondly, if you cannot breathe adequately, a doctor may insert a breathing tube into your mouth or nose and connect the tube to a ventilator to help you breathe.
  • Additionally, if you can adequately breathe on your own and your hypoxemia (low blood oxygen) is mild, you may need supplemental oxygen from an oxygen tank to help you breathe better. This may include a portable air tank.
  • Lastly, if you require prolonged ventilator support, you may need a tracheostomy, which is an operation creates an artificial airway in your windpipe.

Summary

Acute respiratory failure requires immediate medical attention and can be fatal.

In addition, causes can include an injury or obstruction to your airway. Furthermore, symptoms may include shortness of breath or dizziness. Moreover, you may also experience severe drowsiness.

Once you are in stable condition, a doctor can treat any underlying conditions causing respiratory failure. Specifically, they may recommend medication and breathing support to improve your breathing ability.

Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences is, indeed a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Specifically, aamples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Moreover, Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.

Additionally, all our human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

 

In particular, critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Moreover, patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, and other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Specifically, Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples, including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Therefore, please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

Moreover, we can also procure most human bio-specimens, furthermore; we offer special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, and PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols. Additionally you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.

 

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