Bloating Overview
Abdominal bloating occurs when the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is filled with air or gas. Most people describe bloating as feeling full, tight, or swollen abdomen. Bloating is common among both adults and children. Abdominal bloating can interfere with your ability to work and participate in social or recreational activities.
During bloating the abdomen may also get swollen hard, and painful. Bloating is often accompanied by abdominal pain, rumbling or gurgles in the stomach, frequent burping or belching and excessive gas.
Causes of Bloating
Gas is the most common cause of bloating, especially after eating. Gas builds up in the digestive tract when undigested food gets broken down or when air is swallowed. It is normal to swallows air when you eat or drink. But some people can swallow more air than others, especially if they are:
- Eating or drinking too fast
- Chewing gum
- Smoking
- Wearing loose dentures
Burping and flatulence are two ways swallowed air leaves the body. Delayed emptying of the stomach (slow gas transport) in addition to gas accumulation can also cause bloating and abdominal distension.
Medical causes of Bloating
Other causes of bloating may be because of the following medical conditions:
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Chron’s disease and Ulcerative colitis
- Other functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs)
- Heartburn
- Food intolerance
- Weight gain
- Hormonal flux (especially for women)
- Giardiasis (intestinal parasite infection)
- Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa
- Mental health factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, and more
- some medications
These conditions cause factors that contribute to gas and bloating, such as:
- Overgrowth or deficiency of bacteria within the GI tract
- Gas accumulation
- Altered gut motility
- Impaired gas transit
- Abnormal abdominal reflexes
- Visceral hypersensitivity (feeling of bloating in small or even normal body changes)
- Food and carbohydrate malabsorption
- Constipation
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