Causes of Extreme Tiredness
Sudden, extreme fatigue can occur if a person engages in extensive physical activity, is ill, or has a medical condition.
A person can feel sudden, extreme fatigue for several reasons. In most cases, there’s a reason for the fatigue.
It might be anemia, allergic rhinitis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), depression, fibromyalgia, chronic, liver disease, lung disease (COPD), a bacterial or viral infection, or some other health conditions. If that’s the case, then the long-term outlook is good. Here are some common causes of fatigue and how they are resolved.
Allergies
Allergies result from the body’s immune system overreacting to allergens, such as pollen, pets, and foods.
Some people may experience a runny nose, itching, rashes, and breathing problems due to allergies.
When people come into contact with an allergen, the body releases the chemical histamine to fight it off. This causes the symptoms of an allergic reaction, which can include sudden tiredness.
Treatment
The following treatments may help a person with allergies:
- Avoiding contact with allergens
- Taking medication, such as antihistamines or steroids
- Allergen-specific immunotherapy
Depression
Depression is a mood disorder that causes feelings of sadness and disinterest.
The condition is due to a disturbance in the central nervous system, which causes neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, to not function as they would normally.
Depression can cause extreme fatigue in several ways.
A study found that participants who experienced fatigue had a higher level of pain, depression, difficulty sleeping, and anxiety. This suggests that people with more severe depression symptoms are more likely to experience fatigue.
Treatment
Research supports the following treatments for fatigue and depression:
- Antidepressants, such as citalopram and venlafaxine
- Electroconvulsive therapy if depression symptoms are severe
- Medications, including modafinil and atomoxetine
- Psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder. Researchers do not know why some people develop this condition, although studies suggest that genes play a part.
Fibromyalgia causes people to perceive pain as being greater than the discomfort that individuals without this disorder experience.
One of the symptoms of fibromyalgia is chronic fatigue. People are more likely to experience this fatigue when they wake up in the morning, but this can also occur in the mid-afternoon.
Periods of inactivity and activity can increase this tiredness, and it may disturb sleep, causing people to wake up feeling unrefreshed.
Treatment
Treatment options for fibromyalgia include the following:
- Alternative therapies, such as acupuncture, tai chi and yoga
- Aerobic physical activity of 30 minutes, three times a week
- Antidepressant medications, such as duloxetine
- Physical therapy and psychotherapy
Heart Disease
Heart disease refers to four different conditions:
- Aortic atherosclerosis, which triggers aneurysms in the torso and abdomen
- Cerebrovascular disease results in stroke and transient ischemic attack, which may be a warning sign for stroke
- Coronary artery disease, which causes angina, heart attack, and heart failure
- Peripheral artery disease affects the limbs, resulting in cramps
Individuals may not show any symptoms of heart disease. For example, a person may have a silent, unnoticeable ischemic attack.
Other symptoms of heart disease include the following:
- Cough
- Chest pain
- Facial drooping
- Shortness of breath
- Weakness in the limbs and arms
Women are more likely to experience fatigue as a symptom of heart disease. People with chronic heart disease are also more likely to experience fatigue.
Symptoms become worse the longer a person has heart disease due to plaque building up in the arteries, narrowing and hardening them.
Treatment
Treatment options for heart disease include the following:
- Statins and aspirin may help prevent stroke and other complications of heart disease.
- Making sure cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose are at normal levels.
- Quitting smoking, following a healthful diet, and taking up physical activity may help prevent complications.
Arthritis
Arthritis, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA), can trigger fatigue.
RA causes people to have swollen and painful joints, joint stiffness, and a feeling of physical weakness. Patients can experience fatigue early on in RA, or not at all. Symptoms are a result of a dysfunction of the immune system.
Patients who develop RA are likely to be genetically predisposed to this condition. Environmental factors, such as smoking, can also increase the risk.
Treatment
Treatment options for arthritis include the following:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids
- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
- Physical activity, physical therapy, and acupuncture
Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is a condition where the upper airway does not function correctly during sleep. This leads to snoring and disturbed sleep. People with apnea may also stop breathing due to this obstruction for 10 or more seconds.
People are more likely to have sleep apnea if they have obesity, consume alcohol or sedatives, or smoke.
Because this condition causes disturbed sleep, people are likely to wake up tired. They may also experience fatigue during the day.
Other symptoms of sleep apnea include memory problems, a sore throat, and a decrease in sex drive.
Treatment
Treatments for arthritis include the following:
- Avoiding alcohol before bed
- Chin straps or devices that keep the tongue in place may reduce snoring
- Eating a healthful, balanced diet and exercising
- Sleeping on the side rather than on the stomach or back
- Using a continuous positive airway pressure machine
Diabetes
Diabetes is a long-term health condition that affects how efficiently the body turns food into energy.
When an individual eats food, their pancreas releases insulin, which allows blood sugar into the cells so the body can use it for energy.
In type 1 diabetes, the body does not make enough insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.
Fatigue is a common symptom of diabetes. Scientists believe that a lack of insulin makes the body rely on fat instead of carbohydrates for energy. This causes chemical changes that may lead to an increase in fatigue.
It is also possible that people may experience psychological fatigue.
Researchers believe that the inability to manage diabetes without medication may lead to a sense of fatigue. When people experience fatigue, they are less likely to manage their condition. This can lead to a cycle of tiredness and distress.
Treatment
The treatment options for diabetes include:
- Controlling cholesterol levels
- Eating a healthful, balanced diet and being physically active
- Managing blood sugar levels
- Taking insulin shots
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