Bay Biosciences provides high-quality, biopsy tissue samples. FFPE tissue blocks with matching fresh, frozen sera (serum), plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) bio-fluids from patients diagnosed with fatty liver disease (FLD).
The sera (serum), plasma and PBMC biofluid specimens are processed from fatty liver disease (FLD) patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.
The biopsy tissue and matched biofluid samples are collected from unique patients diagnosed with fatty liver disease (FLD) and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, diagnostics, discovery and drug development.
Sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluids are processed from patients peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.
Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) Overview
Fatty liver disease (FLD) also known as hepatic steatosis is a common condition caused by the storage of extra fat in the liver. The build-up of fats in the liver can damage the organ and lead to serious complications.
Most FLD patients have no symptoms, and it doesn’t cause serious problems for them. In some cases, though, it can lead to liver damage.
Fatty liver may cause no damage, but sometimes the excess fat leads to inflammation of the liver. This condition, called steatohepatitis, causes liver damage. Sometimes, inflammation from a fatty liver is linked to alcohol abuse. This is known as alcoholic steatohepatitis. Otherwise, the condition is called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH.
An inflamed liver may become scarred and hardened over time. This condition, called cirrhosis, is serious and often leads to liver failure. NASH is one of the top three leading causes of cirrhosis.
Heavy drinking makes you more likely to develop fatty liver disease. Over time, too much alcohol, leads to a buildup of fat inside the liver cells. This makes it harder for the liver to work. But some patients can get fatty liver disease even if they don’t drink a lot of alcohol.
Risk factors include obesity, a high-fat diet, high alcohol intake and diabetes mellitus. In most cases, patients with fatty liver disease are encouraged to modify their diets, exercise regularly and lose weight.
Types of Fatty Liver Disease (FLD)
Following are the are two main types of fatty liver disease (FLD):
Alcoholic Liver Disease
Alcoholic fatty liver is the accumulation of fat in the liver as a result of heavy drinking. (Moderate drinking is defined as one drink a day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.) About 5% of people in the U.S. have this form of liver disease.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease occurs in people who aren’t heavy drinkers. The condition affects one in three adults and one in 10 children in the United States. Researchers haven’t found the exact cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Several factors, such as obesity and diabetes, can increase the risk.
Alcohol-Related Fatty Liver Disease (ALD)
Alcoholic fatty liver disease is preventable, it usually gets better when you stop drinking alcohol. If you continue drinking, alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD) can cause serious problems.
Following are some of the serious conditions developed by alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD):
- Alcoholic Cirrhosis: This is a buildup of scar tissue in the liver. It can cause the same symptoms as alcoholic hepatitis plus:
- Bleeding in the body
- Confusion and changes in the behavior
- Enlarged Spleen
- High blood pressure (Hypertension) in the liver
- Liver failure
- Large amounts of fluid buildup in the belly (ascites)
- Alcoholic Hepatitis: In this condition swelling develops in the liver that can cause fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and jaundice (yellowish eyes and skin).
- Enlarged Liver: It doesn’t always cause symptoms, but you may have pain or discomfort on the upper right side of your belly.
Alcohol-related fatty liver disease usually comes first. It can then get worse and become alcoholic hepatitis. Over time, it may turn into alcoholic cirrhosis.
Causes of Fatty Liver Disease
Eating excess calories causes fat to build up in the liver. When the liver does not process and break down fats as it normally should, too much fat will accumulate. People tend to develop fatty liver if they have certain other conditions, such as obesity, diabetes or high triglycerides.
Alcohol abuse, rapid weight loss and malnutrition may also lead to fatty liver. However, some people develop fatty liver even if they have none of these conditions.
For alcohol fatty liver disease , the cause is too much alcohol consumption. You may be even more likely to get it if you drink a lot and have the following conditions:
- Old age
- Obesity
- Malnourishment
- Having chronic viral hepatitis (Hepatitis-C)
- Having genes that make you more likely to get it
- Being an African-American or Hispanic male
- Taking certain medicines such as glucocorticoids, methotrexate, synthetic estrogen, tamoxifen and others
- Gallbladder removal. Some patients who have surgery to remove their gallbladder are more likely to have NAFLD.
Signs and Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease
Patients with fatty liver disease often have no symptoms until the disease progresses to cirrhosis of the liver. If you symptoms do develop, they may include the following:
- Abdominal Pain or a feeling of fullness in the upper right side of the abdomen
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Loss of appetite
- Unexplained Weight Loss
- Yellowish skin and whites of the eyes (Jaundice)
- Swollen abdomen and legs (Edema)
- Mental confusion
- Weakness
Diagnosis of Fatty Liver Disease
Since most fatty liver disease patients don’t have symptoms, this disease is difficult to diagnose. Your doctor may use different methods to find out if you have fatty liver disease. Following are some of the tests your doctor may use to diagnose fatty liver disease:
- Medical history: Your doctor will ask about your alcohol use. This information can help your doctor tell if you have AFLD or NAFLD. They’ll also ask about the medications you may take, how you eat, and other health issues or conditions you might have.
- Physical exam: Your doctor weighs you and checks your body for signs of liver problems such as an enlarged liver or jaundice.
- Blood tests: Blood works can show if you have high levels of liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). If so, there could be a problem with your liver.
- Imaging tests: You may get an ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT) scans, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These tests can help show if there’s any fat in the liver. But they can’t tell whether you have simple fatty liver or NASH
- Liver biopsy: Not everyone with fatty liver disease needs to have a liver biopsy. Your doctor may recommend it if you’re at risk for NASH or if other tests show that you may have NASH complications such as cirrhosis. A doctor removes a sample of tissue from your liver and sends it to a lab to see if you have liver inflammation or damage.
Prevention and Reversal of Fatty Liver Disease
There are no medical or surgical treatments for fatty liver, but some steps may help prevent or reverse some of the damage.
In general, if you have fatty liver, and in particular if you have NASH, you should:
- Avoid alcohol
- Check before you mix meds and alcohol
- Lose weight safely: This usually means losing no more than half to one kilogram (one to two pounds) a week
- Lower your triglycerides through diet, medication or both
- If diabetic, control your diabetes
- Eat a balanced, healthy diet
- Increase your physical activity
- get regular check-ups (liver care)
- Lower your cholesterol
- Maintaining triglyceride levels
- Protect yourself from hepatitis C
The normal treatment for fatty liver disease, whether it’s alcohol related or not, is to reach a healthy weight through diet and exercise.
In general, foods that fight cell damage, make it easier for your body to use insulin, or lower inflammation can help reverse the condition. Since every person is different, you should work with your doctor to come up with a diet plan that’s right for you.
Foods That Help Fatty Liver Disease
Eating foods that help reduce fat in the liver, healthy fats, antioxidants, and complex carbohydrates.
Following are some of the recommended healthy foods for fatty liver diease:
- Avocados
- Coffee
- Fish
- Flaxseeds and flaxseeds oil
- Fruits, specially berries
- Green tea
- Legumes
- Leafy vegetables
- Potassium
- Raw garlic
- Nuts
- Olive oil
- Whole grains
- Vegetables
- Vitamin-D
- Vitamin E, which can be found in the following:
- Sunflower seeds
- Almonds
- Liquid plant-based oils with monounsaturated fats, like olive or canola oil.
Complications of Fatty Liver Disease
The main complication for all fatty liver diseases is cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver. As the liver tries to stop the inflammation that comes with these conditions, it creates areas of scars. As inflammation spreads, so do the scars, and eventually, the liver can’t do its job. That can result in the following conditions:
- Fluid buildup in the abdomen
- Swollen veins in the esophagus that can burst and bleed
- Confusion and drowsiness
- Liver cancer
- Liver failure
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens and human bio-fluid collections.
Samples available are cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma cancer PBMC and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.
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Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.
Including fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, FFPE’s, tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC’s.
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Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.
Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:
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