Indigestion
Indigestion can be pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen (dyspepsia) or burning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn). Dyspepsia and heartburn may occur together or on their own. Symptoms usually appear soon after eating or drinking. Indigestion is often a sign of an underlying problem, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, or gallbladder disease, rather than a condition of its own.
Indigestion also called dyspepsia or an upset stomach is a general term that describes discomfort in the upper abdomen. Indigestion is not a disease, but rather some symptoms you experience, including abdominal pain and a feeling of fullness (satiety) soon after you start eating. Although indigestion is common, each person may experience indigestion in a slightly different way. Symptoms of indigestion may be felt occasionally or as often as daily.
Indigestion may be caused by stomach acid coming into contact with the sensitive, protective lining of the digestive system (mucosa). The stomach acid breaks down the lining, leading to irritation and inflammation, which can be painful. The majority of people with indigestion don’t have inflammation in their digestive system. Therefore, their symptoms are thought to be caused by increased sensitivity of the mucosa (to acidity or stretching). In most cases indigestion is related to eating, although it can be triggered by other factors such as smoking, drinking, alcohol, pregnancy, stress or taking certain medications.
Signs and Symptoms of Indigestion
Following are the common signs and symptoms of indigestion, these symptoms may increase in times of stress:
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Burning in the stomach or upper abdomen
- Bloating (feeling full)
- Belching and gas
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Growling in the stomach
- Acid Taste
Causes of Indigestion
Indigestion has many possible causes. Often, indigestion is related to lifestyle and may be triggered by food, drink or medication. Following are some of the common causes of indigestion:
- Anxiety
- Ulcers
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Stomach cancer (rare)
- Gastroparesis (a condition where the stomach doesn’t empty properly; this often occurs in people with Diabetes)
- Constipation
- Stomach infections
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Intestinal blockage
- Celiac disease
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Thyroid disease
- Pregnancy
- Inflammation of the stomach (gastritis)
- Peptic ulcers
- Gallstones
- Reduced blood flow in the intestine (intestinal ischemia)
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