Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade tissue samples, FFPE Blocks with matched cryogenically preserved matched K2EDTA plasma, sera (serum) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid samples from renal fibrosis patients.

The K2EDTA plasma, sera (serum) and PBMC biofluid specimens are processed from renal fibrosis patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.

 


Kidney (Renal) Fibrosis Overview

The body’s ability to clean the blood, filter extra water out of the blood, and help control blood pressure can be affected by kidney disease. Furthermore, red blood cell production and vitamin D metabolism, which are needed for bone health, can also be influenced by it.

Initially, two kidneys are present at birth, located on either side of the spine, just above the waist.

However, when the kidneys are damaged, waste products and fluid can build up in the body. Consequently, this can lead to swelling in the ankles, nausea, weakness, poor sleep, and shortness of breath. Without treatment, unfortunately, the damage may worsen, and the kidneys might eventually cease to function. That’s serious, and it can be life-threatening.

According to the National Kidney Foundation, in fact, kidney disease affects more than 37 million American adults, many of whom are unaware of their condition. Moreover, symptoms in patients with kidney disease often remain undetectable until the late stages, which occur when the kidneys are failing or there is a significant presence of protein in the urine.

Function of the Kidneys

The clearance of (metabolic) waste products is essential to the kidneys. In addition, the following functions are carried out by normal healthy kidneys:

  • Firstly, a balance of water and minerals (such as sodium, potassium, and phosphorus) is kept in your blood.
  • Furthermore, waste is removed from your blood after digestion, muscle activity, and exposure to chemicals or medications.
  • Moreover, renin is made, which is used by your body to help manage blood pressure.
  • Additionally, a chemical called erythropoietin is produced, prompting your body to make red blood cells.
  • Finally, an active form of vitamin D is made, which is needed for bone health and other things.

Causes of Kidney (Renal) Fibrosis

On another note, the causes of kidney (renal) fibrosis are as follows: When the kidneys suddenly stop working, it is referred to as acute kidney injury or acute renal failure by doctors. Specifically, the main causes include:

  • Direct damage to the kidneys
  • Not enough blood flow to the kidneys
  • Urine backed up in the kidneys

Those things can happen when you:

  • One is dehydrated or their muscle tissue breaks down, sending too much kidney-toxic protein into the bloodstream;

  • Moreover, when one has a traumatic injury with blood loss, such as in a car accident;

  • Additionally, when one goes into shock because of a severe infection called sepsis

  • In addition, when one takes certain drugs or is around certain toxins that directly damage the kidneys;

  • Take certain drugs or are around certain toxins that directly damage the kidneys

  • or alternatively, when one has complications during pregnancy, such as eclampsia and preeclampsia.

Autoimmune Disease

Furthermore, autoimmune diseases, when your immune system attacks your own body, can also cause an acute kidney injury.

Additionally, patients with severe heart or liver failure commonly go into acute kidney injury as well.

In terms of chronic kidney disease causes, when your kidneys don’t work well for longer than 3 months, doctors call it chronic kidney disease. You may not have any symptoms in the early stages; however, that’s when it’s simpler to treat.

Notably, diabetes (types 1 and 2) and high blood pressure (hypertension) are the most common causes. Specifically, high blood sugar levels over time can harm your kidneys. Finally, high blood pressure creates wear and tear on your blood vessels.

Other Conditions

The following diseases are included:

  • First immune system diseases (If you have kidney disease due to lupus, your doctor will call it lupus nephritis.)
  • Additionally, long-lasting viral illnesses, such as HIV and AIDS, hepatitis-B and hepatitis-C
  • Moreover, pyelonephritis, a urinary tract infections within the kidneys, which can result in scarring as the infection heals. It can lead to kidney damage if it happens several times.
  • Furthermore, inflammation in the tiny filters (glomeruli) in the kidneys, which can occur after a strep infection, for example.
  • Lastly, polycystic kidney disease, a genetic condition where fluid-filled sacs form in your kidneys

At birth, defects can block the urinary tract or affect the kidneys. For instance, one of the most common defects involves a kind of valve between the bladder and urethra. Consequently, these problems can often be repaired through surgery by a urologist, and they may be discovered while the baby is still in the womb.

In addition, permanent damage to the kidneys can be caused by drugs and toxins such as lead poisoning, as well as long-term use of certain medications including NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like ibuprofen and naproxen. Ultimately, being exposed to some types of chemicals over time can also cause this damage.

Signs and Symptoms of Kidney (Renal) Fibrosis

The kidneys demonstrate a high level of adaptability, compensating for various issues that may arise in cases of kidney disease. Consequently, if kidney damage progresses gradually, symptoms will emerge slowly over time. Most patients will likely remain asymptomatic until the disease reaches an advanced stage.

Common signs and symptoms of kidney (renal) disease include:

Additional Symptoms

Diagnosis of Kidney (Renal) Fibrosis

To diagnose kidney (renal) disease, questions will be asked about your family medical history, the medications you are taking, and any changes in your urination patterns. Following this, a physical exam will be conducted.

Additionally, additional tests may also be performed:

  • First, a kidney biopsy will be done, where tissue from the kidney is sent to a lab for testing to determine the cause of kidney issues.
  • Next, blood tests will be conducted to measure waste products in the blood.
  • Furthermore, urine tests will be conducted to check for kidney failure.
  • Lastly, imaging tests, like an ultrasound, may also be utilized.

Treatment of Kidney (Renal) Fibrosis

Treating the Causes

Consequently, the cause of your kidney disease will be slowed or controlled by your doctor. Moreover, the treatment options will vary depending on the cause. However, it is important to note that kidney damage can continue to worsen even when an underlying condition, such as diabetes mellitus or high blood pressure (hypertension), has been controlled.

Treating Complications

Kidney disease complications can be controlled to make the patient more comfortable. Treatments might include the following:

High Blood Pressure Medicines

  • High blood pressure medications can be prescribed for patients with kidney disease who experience worsening high blood pressure. Specifically, medications may be recommended by your doctor to lower blood pressure, with commonly used options including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers to manage blood pressure and preserve kidney function. However, the initial use of high blood pressure medications may decrease kidney function and alter electrolyte levels, necessitating frequent blood tests to monitor the condition. Additionally, a water pill (diuretic) and a low-salt diet may also be recommended by your doctor

Medications to Relieve Swelling

  • Furthermore, swelling relief medications are important to consider: Fluid retention is often experienced by patients with chronic renal disease, leading to swelling in the legs and high blood pressure. Consequently, diuretics are medications that can help maintain the balance of fluids in your body.

Drugs  to Treat Anemia

  • Moreover, anemia treatment medications play a crucial role: Erythropoietin supplements, sometimes combined with iron, aid in the production of more red blood cells, potentially relieving fatigue and weakness linked to anemia.

Medications to Lower  Cholesterol Levels

  • In addition, cholesterol-lowering medications may also be necessary: Statins may be recommended by doctors to lower cholesterol levels. In fact, many patients with chronic renal disease tend to have elevated bad cholesterol levels, thereby increasing their risk of heart disease.”

Drugs to protect your Bones

  • Moreover, medications to protect your bones include calcium and vitamin D supplements, which help prevent weak bones and lower the risk of fracture. Additionally, patients may also receive a medication known as a phosphate binder to reduce the amount of phosphate in the blood and, consequently, protect the blood vessels from damage caused by calcium deposits (calcification).

Lower protein Diet

  • Furthermore, a lower protein diet is recommended to minimize waste products in the blood; as the body processes protein from foods, it creates waste products that need filtering by the kidneys. To decrease the workload on the kidneys, therefore, doctors may recommend a reduction in protein intake. Moreover, a registered dietitian can suggest ways to lower your protein intake while still eating a healthy diet.

Finally, your doctor might recommend regular follow-up testing to see whether your kidney disease remains stable or progresses.

Treatment for End-stage Kidney (Renal) Fibrosis

If your kidneys cannot keep up with waste and fluid clearance on their own and, as a result, complete or near-complete kidney failure develops, then end-stage kidney disease is present. At that point, therefore, dialysis or a kidney transplant is needed.

  • Dialysis: Dialysis artificially removes waste products and extra fluid from your blood when your kidneys can no longer do this. In hemodialysis, a machine filters waste and excess fluids from your blood.In peritoneal dialysis, a thin tube inserted into your abdomen fills your abdominal cavity with a dialysis solution that absorbs waste and excess fluids. After a time, the dialysis solution drains from your body, carrying the waste with it.
  • Kidney transplant: A kidney transplant involves surgically placing a healthy kidney from a donor into your body. Transplanted kidneys can come from deceased or living donors.After a transplant, you’ll need to take medications for the rest of your life to keep your body from rejecting the new organ. You don’t need to be on dialysis to have a kidney transplant.

Dialysis

  • Dialysis: Specifically, waste products and extra fluid are artificially removed from your blood through dialysis when your kidneys can no longer perform this function. In hemodialysis, for instance, waste and excess fluids are filtered from your blood by a machine. Meanwhile, in peritoneal dialysis, a thin tube inserted into your abdomen fills the abdominal cavity with a dialysis solution that absorbs waste and excess fluids. After a time, consequently, the dialysis solution drains from your body, carrying the waste with it.

Kidney Transplant

  • Kidney transplant: In contrast, surgically placing a healthy kidney from a donor into your body is what a kidney transplant involves. Notably, donated kidneys can come from deceased or living donors. After a transplant, in order to prevent complications, medications will need to be taken for the rest of your life to keep the body from rejecting the new organ. Importantly, dialysis is not required to have a kidney transplant.
For some patients, who opt not to undergo dialysis or a kidney transplant, a third option, therefore, is treating kidney failure with conservative measures. Moreover, Conservative measures likely will include symptom management, advance care planning and care to keep you comfortable (palliative care).

Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences is, indeed a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Specifically, aamples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Moreover, Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.

Additionally, all our human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

In particular, critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Moreover, patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, and other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Specifically, Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples, including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Therefore, please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

Customized Collections

Moreover, we can also procure most human bio-specimens, furthermore; we offer special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, and PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols. Additionally you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.

 

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