Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade, biopsy tissue samples, FFPE tissue blocks with matched cryogenically preserved sera (serum), plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid samples from F1, F2 and F3 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients.
The sera (serum), plasma and PBMC biofluid specimens are processed from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) F1, F2 and F3 patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) tissue and matched biofluid samples are collected from unique patients diagnosed with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, diagnostics, discovery and drug development.
Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Overview
NASH is a potentially serious form of liver disease that develops in people who drink little or no alcohol.
The acronym stands for “nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.” Doctors diagnose steatosis, also called fatty liver, if more than 5% of the liver’s weight is fat.
If a patient has NASH, their liver has a high percentage of fat, but it is also swollen has sustained damage, which can cause fibrosis, or scarring.
If this scarring is very significant, it may lead to cirrhosis, a condition that causes permanent liver damage.
NASH is a type of NAFLD, which may be the most common chronic liver disease in industrialized nations, including the U.S. As many as 25% of U.S. adults may have NAFLD. Among this group, about 80% have simple fatty liver disease and the others have NASH.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) develops when the body stores excess fat in the liver cells, making it difficult for the liver to function. This causes swelling and damage, which can become serious.
NASH is one of two types of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) estimate that between 1.5% and 6.5% of adults in the United States have NASH.
NASH is a potentially serious form of liver disease that develops in people who drink little or no alcohol.
The acronym stands for “nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.” Doctors diagnose steatosis, also called fatty liver, if more than 5% of the liver’s weight is fat.
If someone has NASH, their liver has a high percentage of fat, but it is also swollen has sustained damage, which can cause fibrosis, or scarring.
If this scarring is very significant, it may lead to cirrhosis, a condition that causes permanent liver damage.
NASH is a type of NAFLD, which may be the most common chronic liver disease in industrialized nations, including the U.S. As many as 25% of U.S. adults may have NAFLD. Among this group, about 80% have simple fatty liver disease and the others have NASH.
Signs and Symptoms of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Most patients with NASH and other forms of NAFLD have no symptoms. Those who do develop symptoms may feel tired or have pain in the upper right side of the abdomen.
Children with NASH may experience:
- Fatigue
- Pain in the middle or upper-right part of the abdomen
- Patches of darker, discolored skin, usually on the neck or under the arms
A doctor may only diagnose NASH after many years, when cirrhosis occurs. Anyone who develops any of the following symptoms should contact a doctor:
- A swollen belly
- Behavioral changes such as slurred speech or confusion
- Easy bruising and bleeding
- Intense itchiness
- Spider veins just under the skin
- Yellowing of the whites of the eyes, and in some people, the skin
Receiving appropriate care is key. If a person with NASH develops cirrhosis, this increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, a common type of liver cancer.
Causes of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
While the cause of NASH is unclear, ongoing research suggests that the following may play a role:
- Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, of liver cells
- Intestinal bacteria, which may cause inflammation of the liver
- Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidants
- Patient’s genetic makeup
- Overproduction and release of cytokines, types of toxic inflammatory protein that the body produces
Risk Factors of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
While the exact causes of NASH are currently unclear, the following can increase a patient’s risk of developing it:
- Type-2 diabetes
- Being overweight
- Body fat that is concentrated around the waist
- High cholesterol
- Having metabolic syndrome
- High levels of triglycerides
- Hypertension high blood pressure
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Hispanic or Asian decent
- Postmenopausal
Diagnosis of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
As patients with NASH do not usually experience symptoms, doctors often recognize signs of fatty liver during screening for other conditions or routine blood tests.
High levels of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are markers of liver inflammation. If a blood test shows this, a doctor will usually order more tests to rule out other liver diseases.
These blood tests do not show whether there is scarring, however, or the extent of liver damage. Therefore, doctors then order imaging tests, such as ultrasound scans, that can show how stiff the liver is. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) tests combine features of ultrasound and MRI imaging to show the extent of scarring.
Occasionally, doctors then order a liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. This involves removing a small sample of liver tissue for microscopic examination.
Because biopsies are invasive and costly, and many doctors only recommend them if other tests show significant scarring, and the doctors suspect cirrhosis.
Treatment Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
There are no specific medical treatments for NASH. Taking the following steps can help prevent further damage:
- Controlling blood cholesterol levels
- Maintaining a moderate weight, and if this involves losing weight, doing so gradually
- Getting regular exercise
- Having a balanced, healthy diet with low amounts of processed foods and fats, and little, if any, fructose
- Limiting or avoiding alcohol
- Managing diabetes, for anyone who has it
If a person with NASH also has cirrhosis, the treatment may include medications and possibly surgery.
Patients with NASH who develop liver cancer or liver failure may require a transplant.
Outlook Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
A patient with NASH has a high percentage of fat in their liver. The liver is also swollen and has sustained damage. This damage can cause fibrosis, or scarring.
In some patients, the scarring and damage become permanent, and doctors diagnose cirrhosis. At this stage, the liver may not be able to function properly. Some people may go on to develop liver cancer. In either case, a liver transplant may be necessary.
Summary
NASH involves swelling, damage, and a high percentage of fat in the liver. It can become severe and lead to permanent damage. It also increases the risk of a common type of liver cancer.
There are currently no medical treatments for NASH, but self-care strategies and lifestyle changes can help manage it. If cirrhosis develops, the treatment may involve medications and surgery. If liver failure or cancer develops, a person may need a transplant.
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Samples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.
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Including fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC.
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