Bay Biosciences provides high quality Rhabdomyosarcoma tumor tissue samples FFPE blocks from unique pediatric patients for research, development and discovery. 

Moreover, detailed clinical annotations associated with the rhabdomyosarcoma tumor tissue samples are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) Tumors Overview

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare type of highly aggressive cancerous tumor that forms in soft tissue such as muscles. Specifically, it affects skeletal muscle tissue or, in some cases, occurs in hollow organs such as the bladder or uterus. Moreover, RMS can occur at any age; however, it most often affects children.

Additionally, RMS can affect various areas, including the head, neck, bladder or, in fact, just about any body part.

Furthermore, cells from rhabdomyosarcomas are often fast-growing, and can metastasize to other parts of the body. Notably, RMS is a very rare cancer. In fact, there are only about 350 cases of RMS diagnosed each year in the United States.

Types of Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) Tumors

Following are the two main types of Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are:

  • Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS): ERMS usually affects children in their first 5 years of life. However, it can occur at older ages as well.Two subtypes of ERMS:
  • Firstly, botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma
  • Secondly, spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcomas, on the other hand, have a better prognosis than the more common conventional form of ERMS. Furthermore, Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) typically affects all age groups equally.
  • Notably, ARMS makes up a larger portion of RMS in older children and adults than in younger children. In particular, ARMS most often occurs in large muscles of the trunk, arms, and legs. Moreover, ARMS tends to grow faster than ERMS, and it usually requires more intense treatment. 

Causes of Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) Tumors

The cause of most cases of Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is unknown. However, there are very few known risk factors for this type of cancer. Nevertheless, researchers are learning how normal cells become cancerous because of certain changes in their DNA.

In fact, some patients with Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) have inherited gene changes from a parent that put them at higher risk. For example, people with Li-Fraumeni syndrome have changes in the p53 tumor-suppressor gene, which consequently cause it to make a defective p53 protein.

Furthermore, p53 protein normally causes cells with DNA damage to either pause and repair that damage or, if repair is not possible, to self-destruct. However, when p53 is not working, cells with DNA damage keep dividing, which can ultimately lead to further defects in other genes, and eventually causing cancer.

Gene changes in Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS)

Certain genes in a cell can turn on when, for example, bits of DNA switch from one chromosome to another. This type of change, called a translocation, can happen when, consequently, a cell divides into 2 new cells.

This, in turn, seems to be the cause of most cases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS). In these cancers, notably, a small piece of chromosome 2 (or, less often, chromosome 1) often ends up on chromosome 13. This, therefore, moves a gene called PAX3 (or PAX7 if it’s chromosome 1) right next to a gene called FOXO1, thus creating a PAX/FOXO1 fusion gene.

Furthermore, the PAX genes play an important role in cell growth while, simultaneously, an embryo’s muscle tissue forms; however, these genes usually shut down once they’re no longer needed. Moving one of them next to the FOXO1 gene, as a result, keeps the PAX gene active, which seems to lead to the tumor forming.

Moreover, other translocations or, alternatively, other types of gene changes sometimes occur in ARMS. In fact, about 1 out of 4 cancers that doctors usually classify as ARMS do not have the PAX/FOXO1 fusion gene typically seen in ARMS.”

In addition, researchers have found that these cancers behave more like embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS), which generally requires less intensive treatment than ARMS.

Gene changes in Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS)

Research suggests that, in contrast, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) develops in a different way. Specifically, cells of this tumor typically have lost a small piece of chromosome 11 that came from a person’s mother.

Furthermore, a second copy of that part of the chromosome from their father has replaced it. Consequently, this seems to make the IGF2 gene on chromosome 11 overactive. Moreover, the IGF2 gene codes for a protein that can make these tumor cells grow. Additionally, other gene changes are probably important in these tumors as well.

Biospecimens

biospecimens

Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Human biospecimens are available including cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors for controls, available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples, human biofluids such as serum samples, plasma samples from various diseases and matched controls.

Also, all our human tissue collections, human biospecimens and human biofluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

In fact, this critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Additionally, researchers find the patient’s data associated with the human biospecimens extremely valuable and use it to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, as well as in other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and human biological samples, including fresh frozen human biospecimens cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as human serum, human plasma and human PBMCs.

Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) and human biofluids from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

Moreover, we can also procure most human biospecimens and human biofluids, special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples and human biofluids are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human biofluids such as  human plasma, human serum, and human PBMCs bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols; you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.

Bay Biosciences also provides human biospecimens from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, Contact us Now.