Sepsis Patient Samples for Research

Bay Biosciences provides high-quality, clinical grade, matched sera (serum), and EDTA plasma samples from unique sepsis patients for research.

Our researchers process the sera (serum), and plasma bio-fluid specimens from sepsis patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.

Sepsis Overview

Sepsis is a life-threatening illness that develops when, in particular, an existing infection triggers an extreme immune system response in your body.

When you experience an infection, your immune system, consequently, releases proteins and other chemicals to fight it. However, sepsis occurs when this response gets out of control, ultimately triggering extensive inflammation.

Furthermore, there are approximately  1.7 million cases of sepsis each year in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In addition, it’s also responsible for nearly 350,000 deaths.

Therefore, keep reading to learn more about the symptoms, types, and causes of sepsis, as well as how it’s treated.

Stages of Sepsis

There are three stages, specifically, of sepsis:

  • First, Sepsis: An infection gets into your bloodstream and causes inflammation in your body.
  • Next, Severe sepsis: At this stage, the infection and inflammation are severe enough to start affecting organ function.
  • Finally, Septic shock: This severe complication of sepsis causes a significant drop in blood pressure and may lead to serious complications such as:

– Respiratory or heart failure
– Stroke
– Possible death

Moreover, while sepsis often occurs in hospital settings, it can also happen in other locations. In some cases, in fact, you might not even know you have an infection that could potentially lead to sepsis.

Signs and Symptoms of Sepsis

First and foremost, it’s important to seek immediate medical attention if you have any symptoms of sepsis. In fact, the earlier you seek treatment, the greater chance you have of recovering.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), some common symptoms of sepsis may include, for example:

– Chills
– Confusion
– Difficulty breathing
– Fast heart rate (Tachycardia)
– Extreme pain
– Excessive sweating (Hyperhidrosis), clammy skin
– Low blood pressure (Hypotension)

Moreover, it’s possible to mistake these symptoms for those of another condition, such as pneumonia, COVID-19, or cancer.

Symptoms of Severe Sepsis

Severe sepsis is characterized by organ failure and may be accompanied by the following symptoms, notably:

  • Bluish discoloration of the skin, especially lips, fingers, toes
  • Changes in mental ability
  • Decreased urination

Furthermore, this could advance very quickly to septic shock, which may be life threatening.

Additionally, some symptoms of severe sepsis and septic shock can overlap, but a key sign of septic shock is low blood pressure.

Symptoms in Children

Neonatal sepsis occurs when a baby gets a blood infection within the first monthTrusted Source of life.

Some symptoms may include:

– Blueish discoloration of the skin
– Difficulty breathing;
– Fever
– Irritability;
– Jaundice;
– Lethargy;
– And, finally, not feeding well;

Causes of Sepsis

Sepsis is usually caused by a bacterial infection. The most common include the following:

Moreover, according to  the CDCT,  fungal and viral infections may also cause sepsis, including COVID-19 and the flu.

Risk Factors of Sepsis

Anyone who gets an infection is at risk of developing sepsis.

However, researchers and healthcare organizations have identified several risk factors associated with sepsis, including:

  • Firstly, being age 65 years and older
  • Secondly, being younger than 1 year old
  • Furthermore, being pregnant or chestfeeding
  • In addition, having a weakened immune system, such as if you’re undergoing chemotherapy treatment for cancer
  • Moreover, having certain health conditions, such as diabetes, liver disease, kidney disease, and cancer;
  • Additionally, taking certain medications, such as corticosteroids
  • Also, recently having surgery
  • Furthermore, being in intensive care units (ICUs)
  • And, finally, being exposed to invasive devices, like intravenous catheters or breathing tubes

Diagnosis of Sepsis

A doctor will examine your symptoms and order tests to help diagnose the cause and severity of your infection.

Firstly, one of the first tests is a blood tests, which could help them check for:

  • Clotting problems
  • Electrolyte imbalances
  • Infections
  • Liver, kidney, and other organ dysfunctions
  • Low oxygen levels

Additionally, a doctor may also order the following tests to check for bacteria in your body or to view different organs:

Sepsis Criteria

Doctors use two sets of criteria to determine the severity of sepsis.

One set specifically, is for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). SIRS is defined when you meet two or more of the following criteria:

  • First, a fever of more than 100.4°F (38°C) or less than 96.8°F (36°C)
  • Second, a heart rate of more than 90 beats per minute
  • Third, a respiratory rate of more than 20 breaths per minute or arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) of less than 32 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
  • And lastly, a abnormal white blood cell count

On the other hand, another tool is the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA). It uses the results of three criteria:

  • Firstly, a low blood pressure reading (systolic blood pressure of less than 100 mm Hg)
  • Secondly, a high respiratory rate (greater than 22 breaths per minute)
  • And thirdly, Glasgow coma scale score of 14 or less to determine your level of consciousness

Moreover, a positive qSOFA occurs when two or more of the above measurements are abnormal. Notably, some physicians prefer using qSOFA because, unlike the SIRS criteria, qSOFA doesn’t require laboratory tests.

Ultimately, the results of either of these assessments will help a doctor determine the best course of treatment.

Treatment of Sepsis

Sepsis can quickly progress to septic shock and death if it’s left untreated. Therefore, it is important to start treatment with antibiotics as soon as possible after receiving a diagnosis.

In addition, doctors may also use the following medications to help treat sepsis:

  • First, medications to increase blood pressure (vasopressors)
  • Secondly, insulin to stabilize blood sugar
  • Furthermore, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
  • Moreover, pain relivers to help with discomfort

Additionally, severe sepsis may also require large amounts of IV fluids and a respirator for breathing. If, your kidneys are affected, you may require dialysis to help filter your blood.

In some cases, surgery may be needed to remove the source of an infection. For instance, this may include draining a pus-filled abscess or removing infected tissue.

Recovery from Sepsis

Recovering from sepsis depends on the severity of your condition and any pre-existing health issues you might have.

According to the UK Sepsis Trust, around 4 in 10 people experience effects from sepsis.

Furthermore, when you return home after receiving treatment in the hospital for sepsis, you may, in fact experience physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms that may last several months. These may i include for example::

In fact, many people fully recover; however others report lasting effects, which is known as post-sepsis syndrome (PSS). Moreover, PSS may affect up to 1 in 2 sepsis survivors, according to the Sepsis Alliance.

Furthermore, the CDC notes that PSS may cause long-term effects like:

  • Aamputation
  • Cognitive decline
  • Damaged organs
  • Fatigue
  • Insomnia
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Lower self-esteem
  • Nightmares

Complications of Sepsis

Complications of sepsis are more likely to occur in severe cases of sepsis. They may include:

Is Sepsis Contageous?

No, sepsis is not contagious. However, on the other hand, the pathogens responsible for the original infection, such as viral pneumonia or COVID-19, may indeed be contagious.

Prevention of Sepsis

The best way to prevent sepsis is to treat infections promptly and, furthermore, to practice good hygiene, such as proper wound care, handwashing, and bathing regularly.

Additionally, preventing infections is the next best way to prevent sepsis. This may include, for instance, staying up to date with vaccinations and managing chronic conditions, such as taking medications.

Moreover, It is important to get immediate medical attention if you experience any symptoms of sepsis. In fact, early diagnosis and treatment could help prevent any complications.

Frequently Asked Questions

How Long can You Survive with Sepsis?

The life expectancy for sepsis will depend on the severity of the infection and how early you receive treatment. Furthermore, many people will survive and experience few complications. However, a 2020 review found that the mortality rate for sepsis after 90 days was 32.2% while it was 38.5% for septic shock.

How quickly can an infection turn to sepsis?

In general, the progression from infection to sepsis depends on many factors, such as the type and location of the infection, as well as, and how quickly you receive treatment.

For instance, a 2013 study found that people with soft tissue infections were 9% less likely to progress to sepsis or a more severe stage within 7 days than people with urinary tract infections. Conversely, people with abdominal infections were 32% more likely to progress to sepsis within this timeframe.

Therefore, early treatment is vital for slowing down the progression of sepsis. In fact, according to the Sepsis Alliance, the risk of sepsis progressing to septic shock and even death rises by up to 9% for each hour without treatment.

Summary

Sepsis is a life threatening illness that occurs when your body’s immune system overreacts to an infection.

Furthermore, people at the highest risk of sepsis include newborns, older adults, and people with pre-existing health conditions.

Additionally, sepsis is a medical emergency and may cause symptoms like fever, chills, a rapid heart rate, confusion, and difficulty breathing.

Therefore, get immediate medical attention if you suspect you have sepsis, especially if you have a known infection.

 

Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences is, indeed a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Specifically, aamples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Moreover, Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.

Additionally, all our human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

 

In particular, critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Moreover, patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, and other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Specifically, Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples, including cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Therefore, please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

Moreover, we can also procure most human bio-specimens, furthermore; we offer special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, and PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols. Additionally you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.

Furthermore, Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.

 

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