Bay Biosciences provides high quality Wilms Tumor also called Nephroblastoma tumor tissue samples FFPE blocks from unique pediatric patients for research, development and discovery. Detailed clinical data and pathology annotations including patient’s corresponding diagnostic test values associated with the Rhabdomyosarcoma tumor tissue samples are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for In-vitro research and drug discovery.
Wilms tumor is a rare form of kidney cancer that primarily affects children. Wilms tumor is also known as nephroblastoma, it’s the most common cancer of the kidneys in children. About 500 new cases of Wilms tumor are found each year in the United States, affecting about one in every 10,000 children. As many as 5% of cancers diagnosed each year are Wilms tumor.
Wilms tumor most often affects children between the age of 3 years to 4 years and becomes much less common in children after age of 5 years. Nearly all cases of Wilms tumor are diagnosed before the age of 10, with two-thirds being found before age 5. About1.5% of children with Wilms tumor have a family member with the disease (familial Wilms tumor). About 5 to 10% of children with Wilms tumor have tumors in both kidneys (called bilateral tumors), which may be inherited.
Signs and Symptoms of Wilms Tumor
Wilms tumor most often occurs in children with an average age of 3 to 4 years. Symptoms of are similar to those of other childhood ailments, therefore it is important to have an accurate diagnosis. Following are the common signs and symptoms of Wilms tumor:
- Constipation
- Abdominal pain, swelling, or discomfort
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fatigue and weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Fever
- Blood in their urine, or discoloration of urine
- High blood pressure, which may cause chest pain,
- Shortness of breath
- Headaches
- Increased and uneven growth of one side of the body
Causes of Wilms Tumor
It is unknown what exactly causes Wilms tumors. So far, researchers haven’t found any clear links between Wilms tumor and environmental factors. These factors include drugs, chemicals, or infectious agents, either during a mother’s pregnancy or after birth.
Genetic factors
Researchers don’t think children directly inherit the condition from their parents. Only one to two percent of children with Wilms tumors have a relative who has had the same condition. That relative typically isn’t a parent. However, researchers believe certain genetic factors might increase a child’s risk, or predispose children to developing Wilms tumor.
The following genetic syndromes may increase a child’s risk for Wilms tumor:
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
- WAGR syndrome
- Denys-Drash syndrome
- Frasier syndrome
- Perlman syndrome
- Sotos syndrome
- Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome
- Bloom syndrome
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Trisomy 18, also called Edward’s Syndrome
Frasier syndrome, WAGR syndrome, and Denys-Drash syndrome are linked to changes or mutations in the WT1 gene. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, a growth disorder that causes body and organ enlargement, is linked to a mutation in the WT2 gene. These are both genes that suppress tumors and are found on chromosome 11. However, changes in these genes only account for a small percentage of Wilms tumors. There are likely other gene mutations that haven’t yet been discovered.
Children with certain birth defects may be more likely to have Wilms tumor. The following birth defects are associated with the condition:
- Aniridia: a missing or partially missing iris
- Hemihypertrophy: when one side of the body is larger than the other
- Cryptorchidism: undescended testicles in boys
- Hypospadias: Hypospadias forms a penis that not only doesn’t work well but also doesn’t look normal. The urinary opening is on the underside of the penis
Race
Wilms tumor occurs slightly more often in African-American children than in white children. It’s least common in Asian-American children.
Gender
The risk for development of Wilms tumor may be higher in girls than boys.
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