Bay Biosciences provides high-quality, fresh frozen, PBMC’s, with matched fresh frozen sera (serum), plasma, bio-fluids from male and female patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.
The sera (serum), plasma and PBMC bio-fluid specimens are processed from metabolic syndrome patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.
Metabolic Syndrome Overview
Metabolic syndrome is a condition that appears to increase the risk of a cluster of diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and high cholesterol.
The syndrome is not a specific condition, but it groups together a set of risk factors that have been linked to a higher chance of developing cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes.
The American Heart Association (AHA) describe metabolic syndrome as a “cluster of metabolic disorders,” that includes high blood pressure, high fasting glucose levels, and abdominal obesity, which, combined, increase the risk of heart disease.
It is also known as insulin resistance syndrome.
Signs and Symptoms Metabolic Syndrome
According to the AHA, a doctor will often consider metabolic syndrome if a person has at least three of the following five symptoms:
- Blood pressure of 130/85 mm/Hg or above
- Central, visceral, abdominal obesity, specifically, a waist size of more than 40 inches in men and more than 35 inches in women
- Fasting blood glucose levels of 100 mg/dL or above
- Blood triglycerides levels of 150 mg/dL or higher
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels of 40 mg/dL or less for men and 50 mg/dL or less for women
Having three or more of these factors signifies a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack or stroke, and type 2 diabetes.
Causes of Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a collection of risk factors, so there is not a single cause.
Having central obesity or overweight is a major factor, but abnormal blood lipid and cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and prediabetes also contribute to cardiometabolic risk.
Unavoidable risk factors, such as family history and ethnic background, can increase the chance of developing some components.
However, lifestyle choices can impact all these factors.
A diet that is high in fat and sugar, together with a lack of exercise, has been associated with the development of obesity and related conditions.
However, symptoms such as insulin resistance do not necessarily accompany obesity or indicate metabolic syndrome.
Insulin resistance, is a feature of metabolic syndrome and obesity, and it can lead to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, but it can also be a sign of other conditions. Examples include Cushing’s disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Other problems that are sometimes associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and high blood sugar include low-level inflammation and blood clotting defects. These can also contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease.
Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome
Not all medical guidelines agree on the exact thresholds to use for a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.
Controversy remains, for instance, about the best way to measure and define obesity. Options include body mass index (BMI), height-waist ratio, or other means. A person may also have high blood pressure or high blood glucose, for example, that is not related to obesity.
The above criteria were created in an attempt to harmonize diagnoses. However, doctors will also consider an individual’s circumstances.
Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome
Diagnosis initially aims to identify those people who could be at risk of metabolic syndrome, but who may benefit from lifestyle modifications rather than drug treatments.
High blood glucose levels, high blood pressure, and lipid and cholesterol abnormalities can often be targeted early with lifestyle measures.
However, some people may already be using medication for some aspect of metabolic syndrome, such as high blood pressure, when they receive their diagnosis.
Losing weight, especially in the upper body can be an effective treatment.
Suggested Prevention Measures
Suggested measures for preventing and treating abnormal cholesterol and other aspects of metabolic syndrome include
- Avoiding smoking and reducing alcohol intake
- Eating a “heart-healthy diet” that is low in sugar, fat, and sodium.
- Taking regular exercise
The AHA suggest doing at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week. These can be broken up into 10-minute sessions. Brisk walking is a good way to start.
Drug Treatment
If drug treatment is recommended, this is usually with metformin.
This can help certain high-risk groups, especially people with high blood glucose levels and those on the spectrum of obesity that is not manageable with dietary and lifestyle modifications.
Metformin
Metformin is sold under the following brand names in the U.S.:
- Formatted
- Glumetza
- Riomet
- Glucophage
The drug is not officially licensed for preventive use in people who have a high risk of diabetes because of metabolic syndrome.
However, some doctors do prescribe metformin “off-label” to prevent diabetes in people with raised glucose levels and abdominal obesity. Diabetes specialists and evidence from clinical trials support this use.
A study published in 2013 concluded that metformin is effective in reducing the risk of diabetes in adults with risk factors, but that diet and exercise changes are “approximately twice as effective.”
Other drugs may also be used in treating metabolic syndrome, such as statins in people with high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.
Diet
The DASH diet is recommended for preventing and treating metabolic syndrome. The diet aims to prevent hypertension.
It recommends:
- Choosing foods from healthful sources
- Limiting intake of red meats, sodium, saturated fats and total fats, and sweetened foods and drinks
- Consuming plenty of fruits and vegetables, wholegrains, fish, and nuts
The DASH diet focuses on what people eat rather than how to reduce calories, but those who wish to lose weight can follow the diet at a lower calorie level.
Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome
The following factors increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome:
- A large waistline
- Family history of metabolic syndrome
- Lack of exercise combined with a high-calorie diet
- Insulin resistance
- The use of some medications
Some drugs that are used to treat inflammation, HIV, allergies, and depression can increase the risk of gaining weight gain or experiencing changes in blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.
Complications of Metabolic Syndrome
Having metabolic syndrome can increase your risk of developing:
- Type 2 diabetes. If you don’t make lifestyle changes to control your excess weight, you may develop insulin resistance, which can cause your blood sugar levels to rise. Eventually, insulin resistance can lead to type 2 diabetes.
- Heart and blood vessel disease. High cholesterol and high blood pressure can contribute to the buildup of plaques in your arteries. These plaques can narrow and harden your arteries, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke.
Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome
A lifelong commitment to a healthy lifestyle may prevent the conditions that cause metabolic syndrome. A healthy lifestyle includes:
- Getting at least 30 minutes of physical activity most days
- Eating plenty of vegetables, fruits, lean protein and whole grains
- Limiting saturated fat and salt in your diet
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Not smoking
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high-quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, biospecimens, and human biofluid collections.
Samples available include cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). and human tissue samples from various other therapeutic areas and diseases.
In addition, Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own bio-repository. The human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types.
Moreover, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified human biospecimens collected under institutional review board (IRB) approved protocols.
Furthermore, all our specimen collections, human tissue samples, and human biofluids are provided with detailed annotations, including associated patients’s clinical data accordingly.
Accordingly, this critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.
Equally important, sample-associated patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is also subsequently used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery and development) in oncology and other therapeutic areas and diseases.
Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.
In addition, Bay Biosciences has strong capabilities in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the researcher’s specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.
Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.
Types of Biospecimens
Above all, Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:
- Peripheral whole-blood
- Amniotic fluid
- Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL)
- Sputum
- Pleural effusion
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Serum (sera)
- Plasma
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
- Saliva
- Buffy coat
- Urine
- Stool samples
- Aqueous humor
- Vitreous humor
- Kidney stones (renal calculi)
- Other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer.
Notably, we can also procure most human biospecimen types, special sample collections, and requests for human samples that are difficult to find.
In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, and PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols; you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.
Finally, Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.
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