Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade, biopsy tumor tissue samples, FFPE tumor tissue blocks with matched cryogenically preserved sera (serum), plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid samples from patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
The sera (serum), plasma and PBMC biofluid specimens are processed from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols. The diffuse large B-cell lymphoma tumor tissue and matched biofluid samples are collected from unique patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, diagnostics, discovery and drug development.
Detailed clinical data, patient’s history, symptoms, complete blood count (CBC), serology, MRI, biopsy tumor tissue findings, histopathology information, elevated biomarker levels, genetic and metabolic information associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma specimens is provided to a valued customer for research, development and drug discovery.
The diffuse large B-cell lymphoma sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluids are processed from patients peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Overview
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes. It usually grows in lymph nodes, which are the pea-sized glands located in the neck, groin, armpits, and elsewhere in the body, that are part of the immune system. Lymphocytes are part of the immune system, they travel around the body in the lymphatic system, helping fight infections. There are two types of lymphocytes: T lymphocytes or T-cells and B lymphocytes or B cells. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can also develop in other areas of your body.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) in the United States and worldwide, accounting for about 22 percent of newly diagnosed cases of B-cell NHL in the United States. More than 18,000 patients are diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) each year.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive, fast-growing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) that affects B-lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are one type of white blood cell. B-cells are lymphocytes that make antibodies to fight infections and are an important part of the lymphatic system. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can occur in childhood, the occurrence of DLBCL generally increases with age, and most patients are diagnosed over the age of 60.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can develop in the lymph nodes or in “extranodal sites” which are areas outside the lymph nodes, such as the gastrointestinal tract, testes, thyroid, skin, breast, bone, brain, or essentially any organ of the body. It may be localized, in one spot or generalized spread throughout the body.
Types of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Most patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) do not have a specific type. This is known as Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) not otherwise specified or ‘DLBCL NOS’. Around 25% to 30% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) cases diagnosed in adults in developed countries are DLBCL-NOS, and this percentage is even higher in developing countries. Usually diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients biopsy tissue sample is analyzed to find out the exact type of B cell the lymphoma developed from. There are other ways of categorizing cases of DLBCL-NOS into molecular subgroups based on their genetic and immunophenotypic characteristics.
Following are the main cell types:
- Germinal Center B Cells (GCB)
- Activated B Cells (ABC)
Currently most patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) not otherwise specified (NOS) have the same treatment. However, researchers are working to find out if different treatments that maybe more effective against specific types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that developed from different cells. In future, this may help doctors choose the more effective and appropriate treatment for each type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
Sub-Types of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Some patients have a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or other large B-cell lymphoma. These subtypes are usually detected by looking at the biopsy tissue sample under a microscope or using specialist laboratory tests. These sub-types of DLBCL can cause different symptoms from the most common type of DLBCL NOS.
Following are other and rare type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL):
- Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL)
- T-cell/histocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma
- Epstein-Barr (Virus) EBV-positive DLBCL Not otherwise specified (NOS)
- ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma
- Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
Primary mediastinal large B-Cell Lymphoma (PMBL)
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) was previously classified as a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) but now it is considered as a separate type of lymphoma. Usually it affects patients in their 20’s and 30’s and is more common in women patients than men.
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) usually develops from B cells in the thymus gland, which is a small gland in located in the chest, behind the breastbone. PMBL tends to grow as a large lump inside the chest where it cannot be seen or felt. It can spread to the lymph nodes but usually it doesn’t spread to other parts of the body.
PMBL can cause symptoms by pressing on the lungs, esophagus or the large vein that carries blood from the body to the heart, the superior vena cava or SVC. It can also cause fluids to build up around the heart known as pericardial effusion or pleural effusion in the lungs. Symptoms might include:
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Cough
- Swelling around the face and neck
- Difficulty swallowing food
T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma
T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma gets its name from the cells pathologists can see when they look at a biopsy tissue sample under a microscope. It can develop at any age but it most commonly affects middle-aged men.
Following are the common signs and symptoms of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma :
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Swelling of the liver or spleen, which can cause abdominal swelling and discomfort
- General feeling of being unwell, with B symptoms
- Fever
- Night sweats
- Unexplained weight loss
Epstein-Barr (Virus) EBV-positive DLBCL Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)
Epstein-Barr (Virus) EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) subtype of DLBCL typically develops in people over 50, but it can also affect younger people. It is linked to a virus called Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), which infects B cells. Most patients have been infected with EBV but it doesn’t usually cause any symptoms. Only a very small number of people who have had EBV develop lymphoma.
Symptoms of EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) depend on where the lymphoma develops:
- Most patients (7 in 10) have lymphoma growing outside their lymph nodes (extranodal lymphoma), most commonly in the skin, lungs, tonsils or stomach. The patients symptoms depend on where in your body the lymphoma is growing.
- Some patients (3 in 10) have lymphoma only in their lymph nodes.
ALK-positive large B-cell Lymphoma
This is a very rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that can affect patients of any age. It is more common in men than women. The lymphoma cells have a mutation that means they make a protein called ‘anaplastic large-cell kinase’ (ALK). Unlike other types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), they don’t usually make a protein called CD20. Most patients with this subtype of lymphoma have enlarged lymph nodes but the lymphoma can also grow in the chest or other parts of the body.
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma mainly affects older patients. The abnormal lymphocytes are found within small blood vessels known as capillaries. This subtype of lymphoma doesn’t usually cause enlarged lymph nodes. The exact symptoms depend on which capillaries are affected, but might include the following:
- Nervous system symptoms such as confusion, seizures, dizziness or weakness
- Red patches or lumps on the skin
- B symptoms (fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss)
- Enlarged spleen
- Enlarged liver
Signs and Symptoms of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Most Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients first notice painless lumps, often in the armpits, neck or groin. These are swollen or enlarged lymph nodes, which usually grow very quickly, within just a few weeks. Sometimes, Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) can develop in lymph nodes deep inside the body where they cannot be felt from the outside. The swollen nodes can form large lumps, also known as bulky disease. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) can also develop outside lymph nodes, called extranodal disease. This affects around one in five patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL).
The exact symptoms experienced by the Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients depend on where in the body the DLBCL develops. These are called local symptoms and can vary depending on what area of the body organs or tissues are affected. For example:
- DLBCL in the stomach or bowel can cause abdominal pain and stomach discomfort or pain, diarrhea or bleeding
- DLBCL in the chest can cause cough or shortness of breath.
About one in three patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) experience fever, night sweats and unexplained weight loss, these are known as B symptoms. Fatigue and loss of appetite are also quite common, and some DLBCL patients, some of the Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients also experience severe itchy skin.
Diagnosis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Biopsy is the main way to diagnose Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). A small tissue of swollen lymph node is removed through a biopsy procedure , a sample of cells is taken, and looked under a microscope. The sample is also tested for particular proteins that are found on the surface of lymphoma cells through Immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This can help the doctors decide on the most appropriate treatment plan. Several blood tests are also performed to look at patients general health, and to check the blood cell counts. This is done to ensure make that the patients kidneys and liver are performing their functions well and rule out infections that could flare up during the treatment.
There are also several other tests to find out which areas of the body are affected by lymphoma. This is called staging, which usually involves having a CT scan or a PET scan. Some patients, particularly children, may have an MRI scan. Bone marrow biopsy procedure may also be performed, in this procedure a sample of patients bone marrow cells are taken, to check if you have lymphoma cells in the bone marrow. Patient might also have a lumbar puncture procedure to check if they have lymphoma cells in the fluid around the brain and spinal cord (cerebrospinal fluid or CSF).
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Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors; including peripheral whole-blood, amniotic fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), sputum, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum (sera), plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s), saliva, Buffy coat, urine, stool samples, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, kidney stones, renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis and other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer. We can also procure most human bio-specimens and can do special collections and requests of human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB approved clinical protocols and procedures.
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