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Loss of Appetite Overview

Loss of appetite means you don’t have the same desire to eat as you used to. Signs of decreased appetite include not wanting to eat, unexplained weight loss, and not feeling hungry. 

Anyone can experience a loss of appetite and for many different reasons. People may have less of a desire to eat, lose interest in food, or feel nausea at the idea of eating.

Wide variety of conditions can cause your appetite to decrease. These range between mental and physical illnesses. It is often temporary due to factors such as infections or digestive issues, in which case appetite will come back when a person has recovered.

Along with a loss of appetite, a person may also experience fatigue, malnutrition and weight loss if they are not eating enough food to sustain their body. These conditions can be serious if left untreated, so it’s important to find the reason behind the decreased appetite and treat it.

Some people may also lose their appetite as a symptom of a long-term medical condition, such as in the late stages of serious illness, including cancer. This is part of a condition that doctors call cachexia.

The medical term for a complete loss of appetite over a more extended period of time is anorexia. This is different to the eating disorder anorexia nervosa, which is a mental health issue.

Causes of Loss of Appetite

A number of conditions can lead to a decreased appetite. Common viral or bacterial infections, such as flu or gastroenteritis, are often to blame for appetite loss. Individuals with pain in the mouths, such as sores, may also experience a loss of appetite if it becomes difficult to eat food.

In most cases, a persons appetite will return to normal once the underlying condition or reason is treated.

Following are the common causes of  loss of appetite:

Pregnancy can also cause a loss of appetite during the first trimester.

Age

A loss of appetite can also be more common in older adults. This can be due to increased use of medications and changes in the body as it ages. These changes can affect:

  • Digestive system
  • Hormones
  • Sense of taste or smell

Bacteria and Viruses

Loss of appetite can be caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or other infections at any location.

Following are some of the infections that can cause loss of appetite:

 

Cancers

A loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss can sometimes be a symptom of certain cancers, such as:

Along with a loss of appetite, individuals may experience the following symptoms:

  • Blood in stools
  • Feeling full quickly
  • Heartburn
  • Pain in stomach
  • Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)

 

Medical Conditions

Chronic medical conditions can cause a loss of appetite for a range of reasons that vary depending on the cause. Loss of appetite can be related to lowered immune system function, feeling unwell, and having an upset stomach.

Following are the medical conditions that can cause a loss of appetite:

Side Effects of Medications

A loss of appetite is a common side effect of many medications, along with other digestive issues, such as constipation or diarrhea. This is common when medications pass through a person’s stomach and digestive tract.

Following are the some of the medications and treatments that often cause a loss of appetite:

If a patient has recently undergone a major surgery, he or she may experience a loss of appetite after the surgical procedure. This feeling can be partly related to anesthesia drugs.

Taking narcotic drugs recreationally, such as cocaine, cannabis, and amphetamines can also cause a loss of appetite.

Psychological Causes

Psychological factors and mental health conditions can have a significant impact on a person’s appetite. There are various psychological causes for a decreased appetite. Many older adults lose their appetites,

Following are some of the psychological causes of loss of appetite:

Eating disorders, such as bulimia or anorexia nervosa, can also lead to a decreased appetite overall. A person with anorexia nervosa undergoes self-starvation or other methods to lose weight.

People who have this condition are typically underweight and have a fear of gaining weight. Anorexia nervosa can also cause malnutrition.

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Including fresh frozen tissue samplestumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as serumplasma and PBMC.

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