Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade, biopsy tumor tissue samples, FFPE tumor tissue blocks with matched cryogenically preserved sera (serum), plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluid samples from patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.
The sera (serum), plasma and PBMC biofluid specimens are processed from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patient’s peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols. The non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma biopsy tumor tissue and matched biofluid samples are collected from unique patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and are provided to a valued pharmaceutical customer for research, diagnostics, discovery and drug development.
Detailed clinical data, patient’s history, symptoms, complete blood count (CBC), serology, MRI, biopsy tumor tissue findings, histopathology information, elevated biomarker levels, genetic and metabolic information associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma specimens is provided to a valued customer for research, development and drug discovery.
The non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma sera (serum), plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) biofluids are processed from patients peripheral whole-blood using customized collection and processing protocols.
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Overview
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system which is part of the body’s germ-fighting immune system. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma occurs when tumors develop from the lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cells. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is more common in patients than Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
The main difference between non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma is the presence of a type of abnormal cells called the Reed-Sternberg cell. These type of abnormal cells are only present in Hodgkin’s lymphoma and not in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Many types of cancers can spread to the lymph nodes. However, only cancers that primarily originate in the lymph tissue are classified as lymphomas. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma have totally different treatment options.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is disease in which malignant cancer cells develop in the lymph system. The lymph system is part of the body’s immune system. The immune system protects the body from foreign substances, infection, and diseases. Following are all part of the lymph system:
- Lymph: Colorless, watery fluid that carries lymphocytes which are type of white blood cells, through the lymph system. Lymphocytes protect the body against infection.
- Lymph nodes: Small bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and store white blood cells that help fight infection and disease. Lymph nodes are located along lymph vessels, found throughout the body. Clusters of lymph nodes are located in the abdomen, pelvis, groin, neck and underarm.
- Spleen: Spleen is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach, the spleen filters blood, stores blood cells, destroys old blood cells and makes lymphocytes.
- Thymus: The thymus is located in the chest behind the breastbone. Thymus is an organ in which lymphocytes grow and multiply.
- Tonsils: Two small masses of lymph tissue at the back of the throat, the tonsils also make lymphocytes.
- Bone marrow: The soft spongy tissue in the center of the large bones. Bone marrow makes white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.
Types of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Following are the different types of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
- Follicular Lymphoma
- Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma
- Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Stages of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
- Stage I: There is only one lymph node in one part of the body, such as under the arm or in the neck. The lymph node is not found in the chest or abdomen. There is no metastasis and the tumor has not spread to different locations and organs of the in body.
- Stage II: The cancer has spread to other nearby lymph nodes. Or there are two or more lymph nodes located on the same side of the diaphragm, breathing muscle that separates the chest and abdomen.
- Stage III: The lymphoma started in the chest or abdomen. If the cancer is located in the abdomen, it has spread and cannot be surgically removed. Another possibility is two or more lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm.
- Stage IV: The lymphoma (cancer) has spread from its original location to the bone marrow or central nervous system.
Causes of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Exact causes of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are unknown. It begins when your body produces too many abnormal lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cells. Normally, lymphocytes go through a predictable life cycle. Old lymphocytes die, and the body creates new ones to replace them. In non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the lymphocytes don’t die, and the body keeps creating new ones. This oversupply of lymphocytes crowds into the lymph nodes, causing them to swell.
B cells and T cells
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma most often begins in the:
- B Cells: B cells are a type of lymphocyte that fights infection by producing antibodies to neutralize foreign invaders. Most non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma arises from B cells. Subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that involve B cells include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma.
- T cells: T cells are a type of lymphocyte that are responsible for killing foreign invaders directly. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma occurs much less often in T cells. Subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that involve T cells include peripheral T-cell lymphoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Whether the non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma arises from your B cells or T cells helps the doctors to determine the right treatment options for the patients.
Signs and Symptoms of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Following are the common signs and symptoms of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
- Abdominal pain or swelling
- Bloating
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Shortness of breath
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits or groin
- Cough
- Chest pain
- Persistent Fatigue
- Fever
- Breathing problems
- Night sweats
- Unexplained weight loss
Risk Factors of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Most patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma don’t have any obvious risk factors. And many patients who have risk factors for the disease never develop it.
Following are some of the factors that may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma:
- Medications that suppress your immune system: If you’ve had an organ transplant and take medicines that control your immune system, you might have an increased risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
- Infection with certain viruses and bacteria: Certain viral and bacterial infections appear to increase the risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Viruses linked to this type of cancer include Epstein-Barr infection and HIV. Bacteria linked to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma include the ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori.
- Chemicals: Certain chemicals, such as those used to kill insects and weeds, may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. More research is needed to understand the possible link between pesticides and the development of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
- Older age: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can occur at any age, but the risk increases with age. It is most common in people 60 or over.
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens and human bio-fluid collections from cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma cancer PBMC and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.
Bay Biosciences maintains and manages it’s own bio-repository, human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors available in all formats and types. Our biobank procures and stores fully consented, deidentified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples and matched controls.
All our human human tissue collections, human specimens and human bio-fluids are provided with detailed samples associated patient’s clinical data. This critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers and genetic information. Patient’s data is extremely valuable for researchers and is used to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, other therapeutic areas and diseases. This clinical information is critical to demonstrate their impact, monitor the safety of medicines, testing & diagnostics, and generate new knowledge about the causes of disease and illness.
Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and biological samples including cryogenically preserved -80°C, fresh, fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, FFPE’s, tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood derived products such as serum, plasma and PBMC’s.
Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the researchers specified requirements and customized, tailor made collection protocols. Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.
Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) from diseased and normal healthy donors; including peripheral whole-blood, amniotic fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), sputum, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum (sera), plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s), saliva, Buffy coat, urine, stool samples, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, kidney stones, renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis and other bodily fluids from most diseases including cancer. We can also procure most human bio-specimens and can do special collections and requests of human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples are procured through IRB approved clinical protocols and procedures.
In addition to the standard processing protocols Bay Biosciences can also provide human plasma, serum, PBMC bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols, you can buy donor specific sample collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquoting from us. Bay Biosciences also provides human samples from normal healthy donors, volunteers, for controls and clinical research, contact us Now.
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