Bay Biosciences provides high quality, clinical grade, biopsy tumor FFPE tissue samples, with matched sera (serum), plasma and PBMC samples from patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

Moreover, detailed clinical information associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma specimens is provided to a valued customer for research, development and drug discovery.

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Overview

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, which is, in fact, part of the body’s germ-fighting immune system. Furthermore, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma occurs when tumors develop from the lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cells.

Notably, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is more common in patients than Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

In addition, the main difference between non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma is the presence of a type of abnormal cells called the Reed-Sternberg cell. Specifically, these types of abnormal cells are only present in Hodgkin’s lymphoma and not in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Moreover, many types of cancers can spread to the lymph nodes. However, it is important to note that only cancers that primarily originate in the lymph tissue classify as lymphomas.

In contrast, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma have totally different treatment options. To elaborate, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a disease in which malignant cancer cells develop in the lymph system. Importantly, the lymph system is part of the body’s immune system.

Immune System

Consequently, the immune system protects the body from foreign substances, infection, and diseases. Following are all part of the lymph system:

  • Lymph: In addition, it is a colorless, watery fluid that carries lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell, through the lymph system. Furthermore, lymphocytes protect the body against infection.
  • Next, lymph nodes: specifically, these are small bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and store white blood cells that help fight infection and disease. Moreover, lymph nodes are located along lymph vessels, found throughout the body. For instance, clusters of lymph nodes are located in the abdomen, pelvis, groin, neck, and underarm.
  • Additionally, the spleen is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach; in particular, the spleen filters blood, stores blood cells, destroys old blood cells, and makes lymphocytes.
  • Meanwhile, the thymus sits in the chest behind the breastbone. In essence, the thymus is an organ in which lymphocytes grow and multiply.
  • Furthermore, tonsils: specifically, these are two small masses of lymph tissue at the back of the throat; consequently, the tonsils also make lymphocytes.
  • Finally, bone marrow: namely, this is the soft spongy tissue in the center of the large bones. Ultimately, bone marrow makes white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

Types of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Following are the different types of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

  • Firstly, follicular Lymphoma
  • Secondly, cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma
  • Moreover, cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
  • In addition, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • Lastly, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Stages of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

  • Stage I: There is only one lymph node in one part of the body, such as under the arm or in the neck. Furthermore, the lymph node is not found in the chest or abdomen. Additionally, there is no metastasis, and the tumor has not spread to different locations and organs of the body.
  • Stage II: In this stage, the cancer has spread to other nearby lymph nodes. Alternatively, there are two or more lymph nodes located on the same side of the diaphragm, which is the breathing muscle that separates the chest and abdomen.
  • Stage III: At this point, the lymphoma started in the chest or abdomen. If, however, the cancer is located in the abdomen, it has spread and cannot be surgically removed. Another possibility is that there are two or more lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm.
  • Stage IV: Finally, the lymphoma (cancer) has spread from its original location to the bone marrow or central nervous system.

Causes of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Exact causes of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are unknown. Specifically, it begins when your body produces too many abnormal lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cells. Typically, lymphocytes go through a predictable life cycle.

For instance, old lymphocytes die, and the body creates new ones to replace them. However, in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the lymphocytes don’t die, and the body keeps creating new ones. As a result, this oversupply of lymphocytes crowds into the lymph nodes, causing them to swell.

B cells and T cells

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma most often begins in the:

  • Furthermore, B Cells are a type of lymphocyte that fights infection by producing antibodies to neutralize foreign invaders. Interestingly, most non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma arises from B cells. In particular, subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that involve B cells include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma
    Burkitt lymphoma.
  • On the other hand, T cells are a type of lymphocyte that are responsible for killing foreign invaders directly. Consequently, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma occurs much less often in T cells. Notably, subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that involve T cells include peripheral T-cell lymphoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Ultimately, whether your B cells or T cells give rise to the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomais crucial because it helps the doctors to determine the right treatment options for the patients.

Signs and Symptoms of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Following are the common signs and symptoms of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

Risk Factors of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Most patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma don’t have any obvious risk factors. Moreover, many patients who have risk factors for the disease never develop it.

In addition, following are some of the factors that may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma:

  • Firstly, medications that suppress your immune system: If you’ve had an organ transplant and take medicines that control your immune system, you might have an increased risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
  • Furthermore, viruses linked to this type of cancer include Epstein-Barr infection and HIV. Additionally, bacteria linked to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma include the ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori.
  • Secondly, chemicals: Certain chemicals, such as those used to kill insects and weeds, may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. However, more research is needed to understand the possible link between pesticides and the development of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
  • Lastly, older age: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can occur at any age, but the risk increases with age. In fact, it is most common in people 60 or over.

Biospecimens

biospecimens

Bay Biosciences is a global leader in providing researchers with high quality, clinical grade, fully characterized human tissue samples, bio-specimens, and human bio-fluid collections.

Human biospecimens are available including cancer (tumor) tissue, cancer serum, cancer plasma, cancer peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). and human tissue samples from most other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Bay Biosciences maintains and manages its own biorepository, the human tissue bank (biobank) consisting of thousands of diseased samples (specimens) and from normal healthy donors for controls, available in all formats and types.

In fact, our biobank procures and stores fully consented, de-identified and institutional review boards (IRB) approved human tissue samples, human biofluids such as serum samples, plasma samples from various diseases and matched controls.

Also, all our human tissue collections, human biospecimens and human biofluids are provided with detailed, samples associated patient’s clinical data.

In fact, this critical patient’s clinical data includes information relating to their past and current disease, treatment history, lifestyle choices, biomarkers, and genetic information.

Additionally, researchers find the patient’s data associated with the human biospecimens extremely valuable and use it to help identify new effective treatments (drug discovery & development) in oncology, as well as in other therapeutic areas and diseases.

Bay Biosciences banks wide variety of human tissue samples and human biological samples, including fresh frozen human biospecimens cryogenically preserved at – 80°C.

For example fresh frozen tissue samples, tumor tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), tissue slides, with matching human bio-fluids, whole blood and blood-derived products such as human serum, human plasma and human PBMCs.

Bay Biosciences is a global leader in collecting and providing human tissue samples according to the specified requirements and customized, tailor-made collection protocols.

Please contact us anytime to discuss your special research projects and customized human tissue sample requirements.

Types of Biospecimens

Bay Biosciences provides human tissue samples (human specimens) and human biofluids from diseased and normal healthy donors which includes:

Moreover, we can also procure most human biospecimens and human biofluids, special collections and requests for human samples that are difficult to find. All our human tissue samples and human biofluids are procured through IRB-approved clinical protocols and procedures.

In addition to the standard processing protocols, Bay Biosciences can also provide human biofluids such as  human plasma, human serum, and human PBMCs bio-fluid samples using custom processing protocols; you buy donor-specific collections in higher volumes and specified sample aliquots from us.

Bay Biosciences also provides human biospecimens from normal healthy donors; volunteers, for controls and clinical research, Contact us Now.